紊动水体大气复氧系数研究进展

简述了影响水体中溶解氧浓度的大气复氧速率的主要因素，系统分析了自１９２４年以来国内外对紊动水体复氧系数的理论和实验和发展过程及其研究成果，对其中存在问题进行了分析探讨，认为目前众多的复氧理论和公式大多不能直接用于天然河流，要通过复氧实验确定复氧系数，并对今后这一领域的研究进行了展望。     

降低油品储运损耗 改善大气环境

从石油开采到成品油进入清费的过程中，损耗量约占原油量的3％－5％，其中储运过程中的损耗占总耗的40％－50％，着重论述了油品储运过程中降低损耗的措施，以减少经济损失和对环境的破坏。     

Insights into multidimensional transport flux from vertical observation and numerical simulation in two cities in North China

This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of pollution transport budget within the boundary layer of typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from the perspective of horizontal and vertical exchanges and further discusses the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)-free troposphere (FT) exchange on concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) within the ABL during heavy pollution. From the perspective of the transport flux balance relationship, differences in pollution transport characteristics between the two cities is mainly reflected in the ABL-FT exchange effect. The FT mainly flowed into the ABL in BJ, while in SJZ, the outflow from the ABL to the FT was more intense. Combined with an analysis of vertical wind profile distribution, BJ was found to be more susceptible to the influence of northwest cold high prevailing in winter, while sinking of strong cold air allowed the FT flowing into the ABL influence the vertical exchange over BJ. In addition, we selected a typical pollution event for targeted analysis to understand mechanistic details of the influence of ABL-FT exchange on the pollution event. These results showed that ABL-FT interaction played an important role in PM_2.5 concentration within the ABL during heavy pollution. Especially in the early stage of heavy pollution, FT transport contributed as much as 82.74% of PM_2.5 within the ABL. These findings are significant for improving our understanding of pollution transport characteristics within the boundary layer and the effect of ABL-FT exchange on air quality.     

循环流化床锅炉对环境保护的意义

重点论述循环流化床锅炉对环境保护的特殊贡献。阐述了我国大气污染现状及防治对策 ;循环流化床锅炉工作原理及主要特点 ;循环流化床锅炉脱硫机理 ;循环流化床锅炉降低 NOX排放的机理等问题。     

大气功能区划分的模糊综合评价法

文章分析了大气环境功能区的重要作用以及目前功能分区方法中存在的问题，探讨了功能分区中正确考虑风的向影响的原则，剖析了模糊数学理论进行了功能分区的必要性。最后，提出了综合考虑社会功能，气候地理特征及环境现状的定量划分功能区的模糊综合评价法，阐述了这一方法的具体步骤，并将之应用于一案例中。     

重庆的能源利用与大气污染

文章分析了大气污染和酸雨对重庆生态环境产生的危害。研究表明，重庆的大气污染主要由燃煤导致，控制大气污染的对策应与能源发展规划相协调，只有降低煤炭使用比例才能使重庆乃至我国的大气污染物排放量做到根本性消减，要把调整能源结构提到能源发展战略的高度     

城市交通机动车污染控制研究进展

城市交通机动车污染问题非常复杂，在许多不可控因素，城市交通是一个动态系统，污染物排放量始终处于变化之中，控制城市交通污染，必须严格控制机动车排放，该文介绍了国内外对城市机动车污染控制研究的概况，以及几种城市中污染物扩散的模型，展望了这方面研究前发展趋势，并提出了可持续发展的效能系统设计与管理的新概念。     

Ammonia large scale atmospheric dispersion experiments in industrial configurations

A programme of large-scale experiments for atmospheric dispersion was carried out by INERIS over a period extending from December 1996 to April 1997. The objectives of the test campaign were to measure anhydrous ammonia concentrations in a range of few meters to 2 km from the release, in order to generate data to be used to improve 2-phase discharge and dispersion modelling.

The discharges were released from a 6-tonne storage tank of pressurised liquid ammonia and through a discharge device with an outlet diameter of 2 in. Fifteen trials were carried out with various release configurations corresponding to industrial situations (impinging jets on the ground and on a wall at various distances, release through a flange without seal…). The quantity of ammonia discharged from the liquid phase varied according to the tests, from 1.4 to 3.5 tons for durations between 7 and 14 min and, therefore, at flow rates between 2 and 4.5 kg/s. Approximately 200 sensors were settled downwind to measure ammonia concentrations and temperature in the plume. These tests showed that for discharges with identical flow rates the distances corresponding to the same concentration vary a lot according to the configurations. These distances tend to be reduced by the presence of obstacles or retention dikes that collected liquid ammonia. In the paper, the main experimental results are presented. In order to enable the comparisons with numerical predictions, more detailed information are given in [Bouet R. (1999). Ammoniac—Essais de dispersion atmosphérique à grande échelle. INERIS rapport, ref INERIS-DRA-RBo-1999-20410 (available at http://www.ineris.fr/recherches/recherches.htm).     

分析大气环境中PM2.5的研究进展与治理

本文主要针对大气环境中PM2.5展开深入研究和论述,先介绍了大气环境中PM2.5的定义和危害,然后结合重量法、光散射法以及β射线吸收法等,对PM2.5的检测技术进行了深入分析,最后提出了几点治理措施,比如加大法治建设和政府监管力度、降低机动车尾气排放、控制工业废气排放、增加植被、加强区域联防联控机制的构建等,以对大气环境中PM2.5含量进行合理化控制,并将空气污染指数保持在可控范围内,避免大气环境污染问题的出现。     

电子元器件的腐蚀

电子元器件在大气环境下,因潮湿及其它条件下会发生大气腐蚀,从而导致其材料产生腐蚀,电子结构系统发生故障如短路、点接触不良等.本文简单论述了因空气污染、塑料和有机物分解气体等导致的电子元器件的大气腐蚀原理及原因.