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91.
大气污染对城市能见度影响研究的理论与实践 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
首先从理论上探讨了颗粒物及气态污染物对能见度的影响.论述了城市大气光化学反应过程中的气粒转化过程。此外.选取4个气象参数:风速、气温、气压和相对湿度.及3个大气污染指标:SO2、NOx、PM10,与晴天水平能见度进行了相关分析.并建立回归方程。初步分析表明.城市能见度除受大气污染的影响外.还与湿度、风速.风向等气象条件及雾、降水、浮尘等天气有密切关系,它主要是大中小尺度天气和大气环境共同作用的结果.在一定条件下.它与PM10和SO2有较为明显的相关性。 相似文献
92.
Elevated atmospheric deposition and dynamics of mercury in a remote upland forest of southwestern China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xuewu Fu Wanze Zhu Heng Yao Hui Zhang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2324-9448
Mt. Gongga area in southwest China was impacted by Hg emissions from industrial activities and coal combustion, and annual means of atmospheric TGM and PHg concentrations at a regional background station were 3.98 ng m−3 and 30.7 pg m−3, respectively. This work presents a mass balance study of Hg in an upland forest in this area. Atmospheric deposition was highly elevated in the study area, with the annual mean THg deposition flux of 92.5 μg m−2 yr−1. Total deposition was dominated by dry deposition (71.8%), and wet deposition accounted for the remaining 28.2%. Forest was a large pool of atmospheric Hg, and nearly 76% of the atmospheric input was stored in forest soil. Volatilization and stream outflow were identified as the two major pathways for THg losses from the forest, which yielded mean output fluxes of 14.0 and 8.6 μg m−2 yr−1, respectively. 相似文献
93.
空气质量数值模型的构建及应用研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了近年来国内外空气质量模型的发展历程、空气质量数值模型构建的关键技术以及应用研究。指出了目前空气质量数值预报及应用主要面临气象条件,尤其是大气边界层模拟、大气污染物排放源和大气物理化学过程等问题。提出,应当通过规范化制作和完善排放源清单数据,建立统一的排放源分析标准,提高排放源数据的准确性;多向发展观测手段,加大监测密度和频率,并进行实验室化学分析,提出适合我国的大气物理化学机制。就空气质量模式而言,对模式方案进行优化,以及使用气象、卫星资料同化等技术手段,将其与观测相结合,构建监测与预报系统相结合的统一体系,应用于多平台。 相似文献
94.
介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施,阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法,指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定,分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识,加大了治理污染的力度,转变了环境监测的职能,促进了环境监测事业的发展 相似文献
95.
A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C17-C32 n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons. 相似文献
96.
97.
米菲司酮废水处理的试验探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对米菲司酮生产中产生的高浓度有机废水(CODcr8.8×10^4mg/L),采用常压蒸馏-活性炭吸附方法进行试验性处理,CODcr的去除率可达95%以上,CN-去除率达99.9%,并可回收乙醇等低沸点有机溶剂。 相似文献
98.
99.
根据1986年6月~1987年5月从上海市区4个站、郊县2个站的气象资料,研究了上海地区的大气稳定度和气象区块。采用3种方法确定稳定度的级别,并进行了比较。应用对风向、风速的聚类分析方法划定气象区块。对两站之间风的相关系数用了3种不同的公式进行计算。利用这些相关系数的结果,同时采用“最短距离法”和“最长距离法”,得到相关树枝图,并由此得出了上海地区的气象区块图。 相似文献
100.
Gon Ok Sung-Hee Ji Sang-Jo Kim Young-Kyo Kim Ji-Hoon Park Young-Seup Kim Young-Ho Han 《Chemosphere》2002,46(9-10)
The atmospheric contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were evaluated from the analysis of pine needles in South Korea. Pine needles were collected from 30 sampling points at five main cities in South Korea (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Changwon and Jeju island). The highest concentrations of PCDDs/DFs (2.19–26.88 pg I-TEQ/g of dry weight) were measured at Busan, where is the city of the highest population density and traffic volume among five cities. The lowest concentration was detected at Jeju with 0.62 pg I-TEQ/g dry weight, suggesting Jeju could be an environmental background area in Korea. The dominant homologues of PCDDs/DFs in pine needles were the lower chlorine-substituted compounds such as tetra CDDs and CDFs, and the distribution ratios of PCDDs/DFs decreased with increase of the number of chlorine substituents. Homologue profiles of pine needle samples were similar to PCDDs/DFs profiles of the vapor phase in the ambient air, and thus the pine needles absorbed the vapor phase of PCDDs/DFs from air. Results suggested that pine needles could be used as an indicator of the atmospheric contamination for PCDDs/DFs in Korea. 相似文献