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921.
A hill station is a town or city situated in mountain regions in the tropics founded during the western colonization in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Hill stations have moderate temperatures, and are known for their relatively good natural environments, which generate valuable ecosystem services that benefit the local population. However, rapid urbanization threatens the sustainability of these areas. This study evaluates the sustainability of the urbanization process of Baguio City, a hill station city in Southeast Asia and the summer capital of the Philippines, by determining the relationship between its velocity of urbanization and velocity of urban sustainability based upon various perspectives. From an equal weight perspective (of the triple bottom line of sustainability components, namely environmental, social, and economic) and a pro-economic perspective, the results revealed that the urbanization of Baguio City has been moving toward a “sustainable urbanization.” However, from the environmental and eco-sustainable human development perspectives, the results indicated that it has been moving toward an “unsustainable urbanization.” The paper discusses the implications of the findings for the planning of sustainable development for Baguio City, including some critical challenges in sustainability assessment and the applicability of the framework used for future sustainability assessments of the other hill stations in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
922.
Godinho RM Wolterbeek HT Verburg T Freitas MC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):318-325
This experiment compares the short and long time element accumulation behaviour of transplants of Flavoparmelia caperata lichen thalli and total deposition in an atmospheric polluted area. It was found that lichens exposed for a short time behaved differently from lichens in cumulative exposition suggesting the presence of acclimatization behaviour. The lichen transplant elemental content does not unequivocally represent the average or cumulative environmental availability of the exposure period. Reflection characteristics depend on the element and the lichen physiological conditions. Good correlations between lichen elemental contents and total deposition were obtained when a physiological lichen parameter was introduced in a mathematical model, suggesting that metabolically mediated accumulation is important. 相似文献
923.
Temporal changes in the distribution, methylation, and bioaccumulation of newly deposited mercury in an aquatic ecosystem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Orihel DM Paterson MJ Blanchfield PJ Bodaly RA Gilmour CC Hintelmann H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(1):77-88
Our objective was to examine how the behavior of atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposited to boreal lake mesocosms changed over time. We added inorganic Hg enriched in a different stable isotope in each of two years, which allowed us to differentiate between Hg added in the first and second year. Although inorganic Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) continued to accumulate in sediments throughout the experiment, the availability of MeHg to the food web declined within one year. This decrease was detected in periphyton, zooplankton, and water mites, but not in gomphid larvae, amphipods, or fish. We suggest that reductions in atmospheric Hg deposition should lead to decreases in MeHg concentrations in biota, but that changes will be more easily detected in short-lived pelagic species than long-lived species associated with benthic food webs. 相似文献
924.
复杂地铁工程施工安全控制技术研究 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
北京地铁5号线崇文门站为国内首次在既有地铁隧道下方采用暗挖法施工的地铁车站,施工期间要保证既有地铁线路的正常运营,因此施工难度和风险极大。施工前对既有地铁结构进行了安全评估,根据评估结果并结合相关规范制定了既有线结构变形的安全控制标准。在施工风险分析的基础上,结合数值模拟计算确定了柱洞法施工方案,并辅以降水、超前大管幕和注浆等辅助技术措施,同时采用远程自动监测系统实时监控既有线的动态变化,对施工中既有线结构出现的异常变形进行了及时处理,最终地铁车站成功建成,并确保了既有地铁结构的安全和线路的正常运营。 相似文献
925.
江宁地电新台于 1996年开始在新台址处正式观测。经 4年的观测资料积累 ,已具备条件对新台的监测预报效能进行评价。评价表明 ,江宁地电新台观测资料可靠 ,观测精度较高。在1996年 11月 9日南黄海MS6 1地震 (Δ396km)和 1997年 7月 2 8日南黄海MS5 1地震 (Δ36 0km)前 ,地电阻率值显示了较好的前兆异常。对台址测区附近 (Δ <10km)发生的ML2 1地震 ,江宁地电新台地电阻率也观测到异常变化。由此可见 ,江宁地电新台具备较好的监测预报效能 ,有望在江苏及南黄海地区的地震监测预报中发挥作用。 相似文献
926.
1999年 6月 5~ 8日海安地震台地电N6 0°E测向为ρs 值异常升幅 2 % ,而N30°W、N70°W两测向 ρs 值均处于正常年变化形态。经勘查、测试分析 ,确定为新埋设的地下自来水金属管道干扰所致。 相似文献
927.
928.
Samuel K. Marx Balz S. Kamber Atun Zawadzki 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1615-276
Two peat bogs from remote alpine sites in Australia were found to contain detailed and coherent histories of atmospheric metal pollution for Pb, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ag, As, Cd, Sb, Zn, In, Cr, Ni, Tl and V. Dramatic increases in metal deposition in the post-1850 AD portion of the cores coincide with the onset of mining in Australia. Using both Pb isotopes and metals, pollutants were ascribed to the main atmospheric pollution emitting sources in Australia, namely mining and smelting, coal combustion and agriculture. Results imply mining and metal production are the major source of atmospheric metal pollution, although coal combustion may account for up to 30% of metal pollutants. A novel finding of this study is the increase in the otherwise near-constant Y/Ho ratio after 1900 AD. We link this change to widespread and increased application of marine phosphate fertiliser in Australia's main agricultural area (the Murray Darling Basin). 相似文献
929.
Utilizing the analytical capability to measure S isotope ratios of small quantities of S in biological material without any chemical pretreatment, the variation of δ34S within a lichen thallus was investigated using old and young segments of fruticose lichen thalli (Alectoria sarmentosa) from an oil refinery area in Come-By-Chance and two coastal areas, Newfoundland, Canada. Old segments of lichen samples from the oil refinery area showed significantly higher δ34S values (1.0-2.5‰) than their corresponding young segments. Lichen samples from two coastal areas showed no noticeable differences in δ34S values between old and young segments. These results demonstrate that lichen thalli record temporal changes in the isotopic composition of atmospheric S and hence constitute a historical archive of atmospheric S pollution. 相似文献
930.
The modification of soil composition in the urbanized area of Ankara due to wet-dry deposition and pollution-derived particles from the atmosphere is investigated by analyzing 120 surface soil samples, collected from the urbanized area and its un-urbanized surrounding, for major, minor and trace elements. Concentrations of elements from human activity (e.g. Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ca) in the urbanized area were higher than their corresponding concentrations in global average soil and soil in un-urbanized areas outside the urbanized area. Metal contents in soil were very high in densely populated districts and around some industrial facilities. The only exception was Pb distribution, which was more dispersed, due to the nature of motor vehicle emissions. Alteration of the Cd, Zn, Cu and Cr content of soil was confined to the inhabited and industrial areas, whereas enrichment factors of these elements were close to unity in the remaining study area. Factor analysis identified two polluted soil factor associations. One factor includes elements, such as Zn and Cd, which had high factor scores in inhabited areas and the other factor (high loading of Pb) represents soil polluted by motor vehicle emissions. 相似文献