二氧化锰氧化降解金霉素的动力学研究

研究了金霉素(CTC)在二氧化锰(MnO2)作用下的氧化降解过程,并讨论了初始MnO2浓度、体系pH及温度对降解反应的影响.无MnO2存在时,CTC没有发生降解.但是当体系中存在MnO2时,CTC浓度开始迅速下降,反应后期降解速率逐渐变慢;同时体系中二价锰离子(Mn2+)浓度逐渐升高,表明MnO2可以降解CTC,该过程是一个氧化还原反应.采用草酸溶解MnO2和过滤2种不同的方法终止反应,对比2种方法所得的结果,可以发现该反应过程中,开始阶段降解作用占主导地位,在反应达到平衡后吸附作用才明显.CTC的降解速率随着MnO2初始浓度的增加和体系温度的升高均显著加快.反应体系的pH能强烈影响CTC的氧化降解,降解速率随着pH的升高而明显降低.这是由于CTC随体系pH由3.77升高到7.41时,分别以阳离子、中性形态和阴离子的形式存在;而-δMnO2(pHzpc=2.25)表面在pH3.77的整个范围内均呈现为负电性.因此随pH升高,阴离子形态的CTC逐渐增多,导致其在MnO2表面的吸附作用减弱,从而使降解速率变缓.     

基于ASBR反应器的厌氧氨氧化启动及特性研究

采用ASBR反应器,接种消化污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥的混合污泥,在温度(35±1)℃、HRT为24h、pH为7.3～8.5的条件下经过160d的培养,获得了砖红色的厌氧氨氧化菌菌胶团.试验结果表明:进水NH+4-N和NO-2-N浓度约为180mg·L-1,平均总氮容积负荷为0.38kg·m-3·d-1时.NH4+4-N和NO-2N的去除率平均为93.2%和95.7%,TN平均去除率为86.9%.厌氧氨氧化反应过程出水pH值高于进水,稳定在7.74左右.     

高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化性能研究

采用恒压阳极氧化法在纯钛箔表面制备TiO2纳米管阵列,利用SEM和XRD对其进行了形貌和晶型的分析和表征,并通过TiO2纳米管阵列膜对甲基橙光催化降解,探讨光照时间、甲基橙溶液的初始浓度、溶液的初始pH值和H2O2加入浓度等因素对甲基橙的脱色率影响.结果表明,H2O2加入浓度为50mg·L-1,紫外光照射2h,溶液为中性时,在30 mg·L-1的甲基橙溶液(50mL)中,甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到100%.当H2O2加入浓度进一步增大到100 mg·L-1时,光催化的效率进一步提高,紫外光照射1h,甲基橙溶液的脱色率就已经达到了100%,并未出现抑制光催化的现象.同时还研究了TiO2纳米管阵列电极的稳定性.实验结果表明,随着TiO2纳米管阵列使用次数的增加,其光催化效果略有所下降.     

Significance of iron compounds in chemical and electro‐oxidation treatment of sugar industry wastewater: Batch reaction

Industrialization plays a major role in a nation's growth. However, with an increase in industrial activities, pollution levels are also increasing. Among all industries, the sugar‐processing industry is one that requires large amounts of water to process the sugar, and, consequently, it discharges large amounts of water as effluent. Highly polluted wastewater brings changes to the physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding environment. Iron compounds have had a significant impact when they are used in wastewater treatment in various applications, including when they are used to minimize the pollution levels in sugar industry wastewater (SIWW). To minimize the pollutant levels from SIWW, iron compounds have been key for uses in treatments involving chemical and electro‐oxidation. Two different methodologies of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation have been used to treat SIWW. In electrocoagulation, an iron plate is used as an electrode material under specific operating conditions. Ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride have been used as chemical coagulants at various pH and mass loading levels. The use of iron metals shows an 82% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an 84% reduction in color at the optimum condition of pH 6, an electrode distance of 20 millimeters, and a current density of 156 square centimeters. As a chemical coagulant, iron salt (ferrous sulfate) provides a reduction of 77% COD and a 91% reduction of color at pH 6 and a 40‐millimole mass loading. Electrochemical treatment using iron was found to be suitable to treat SIWW. The sludge generated after treatment can be burned or composted with the possible recovery of some of the treatment costs.     

生物接触氧化+植物一体化装置处理小城镇污水试验研究

利用“生物接触氧化+植物”一体化装置处理城镇污水,试验最终选用悬浮多面球作填料,采用射流曝气,控制进水流量为0.45 m3/h,进水浓度为COD 63～467 mg/L、NH3-N 11.21～52.7 mg/L、TN 28.6 ～63.5mg/L和TP １.1～6.42 mg/L时,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到88％、86％、70％、60％以上,出水COD≤30 mg/L,NH3-N≤5 mg/L、TN≤13 mg/L、TP≤0.5 mg/L.水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,具有较好的工程应用前景.     

高级氧化技术降解含氮除草剂的研究进展

目前,含氮除草剂已在全球范围内得到广泛使用,随着其不断的排入水体,会对水体生态环境和人体健康造成严重危害。介绍了几种主要的高级氧化技术降解含氮除草剂的机理,并综述了国内外利用高级氧化技术在降解含氮除草剂领域所取得的研究进展,为开发新的降解含氮除草剂技术提供参考。     

Advanced treatment of wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation

A three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(3D-EC) reactor with introduction of activated carbon(AC) as particle micro-electrodes was applied for the advanced treatment of secondary wastewater effluent of a wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing plant. Under the optimized conditions(current density of 500 A/m~2, circulation rate of 5 mL/min, AC dosage of 50 g, and chloride concentration of 1.0 g/L), the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(cr)), NH3–N, total organic carbon(TOC), and ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm(UV_(254)) of the 3D-EC reactor were 64.5%, 60.8%, 46.4%, and 64.8%, respectively; while the corresponding effluent concentrations of COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) were 76.6, 20.1, and42.5 mg/L, and 0.08 Abs/cm, respectively. The effluent concentration of COD_(cr) was less than 100 mg/L, which showed that the treated wastewater satisfied the demand of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978-1996). The 3D-EC process remarkably improved the treatment efficiencies with synergistic effects for COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) during the stable stage of 44.5%, 38.8%, 27.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, as compared with the sum of the efficiencies of a two-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(2D-EC) reactor and an AC adsorption process, which was ascribed to the numerous micro-electrodes of AC in the 3D-EC reactor. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis revealed that electrochemical treatment did not generate more toxic organics, and it was proved that the increase in acute biotoxicity was caused primarily by the production of free chlorine.     

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成系统脱汞研究

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成处理系统是专门针对典型含汞废物安全处置而开发的,可以同时有效控制汞等多种复合气体污染物。通过检测热解炉后烟气中和等离子体反应器入口、出口气体中Hg0和Hg2+浓度,研究汞的价态转化及添加剂对脱汞效果的影响。结果表明:热解烟气中Hg2+/HgT为17%~45%,Hg0/HgT为55%~83%,热解温度主要影响汞价态分布,WMC添加量主要影响汞浓度值;加入添加剂会促进汞的脱除,但添加剂过量不利于汞的氧化;热解炉中添加50 g WMC和5 g升华硫添加剂时,反应器内Hg0氧化率和总汞损失率分别可达55%和42%。该研究可以为探索新型含汞废物处置工艺,实现含汞废物深度净化提供新思路。     

化学氧化耦合电动力技术修复有机污染土壤

有机污染物严重危害着我国土壤环境。探讨了电动力技术修复有机污染土壤的可行性及相关参数的变化特性,并探究了电动力修复耦合化学氧化工艺及表面活性剂辅助等多种措施对修复效果的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂辅助反应可帮助提高有机污染物溶解性与迁移性能,从而提高修复效果;采用KMn O4氧化耦合电动力工艺修复受污染高岭土时有着最佳的修复效率,污染物平均去除率可达70%。     

TC4钛合金厚板电偶腐蚀与防护研究

目的研究TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。方法通过测定TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢组成的电偶对的电偶电流方法,研究TC4钛合金厚板与上述异种材料之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。结果 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢接触时极易发生电偶腐蚀,不能直接接触使用,必须采取有效的防护措施。对钛合金和铝合金进行阳极氧化处理,可降低电偶腐蚀敏感性;对钛合金进行阳极氧化处理,同时对钢进行电镀镉-钛处理可以在一定程度上降低电偶腐蚀敏感性。结论 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金及钢的电偶腐蚀敏感性高,表面处理可以有效降低异种材料的电偶腐蚀敏感性。