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881.
草浆中段废水不同生物处理工艺的比较研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以水解酸化作为前期处理,再分别结合活性污泥法、SBR、接触氧化法处理草浆中段废水。发现在水解酸化运行阶段溶解氧(DO)水平对CODCr的去除有重大影响:DO在0-0.5mg/L时,去除率仅为44%;DO在0.5-1mg/L时,CODCr的去除率达到68%。水解酸化后,分别用活性污泥法、SBR、接触氧化法继续处理,CODCr的去除率分别为54%、55%、66%。结合三套工艺的运行条件和成本,以及处理效果,认为草浆中段废水处理的最佳工艺应为:水解酸化-SBR工艺。 相似文献
882.
883.
采用UASB-接触氧化法处理天津某中药厂废水,处理后出水各项指标达到了国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级标准。同时对二级处理后出水采用微絮凝沉淀-砂滤-消毒工艺,出水达到中水绿化使用标准。 相似文献
884.
水处理氧化还原过程的电动化学特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以流动电流为参数,研究了水处理条件下氧化还原过程的电动化学特性.考察了水中KMnO_4及其与Mn~(2+),Fe~(2+)之间氧化还原作用的流动电流(SC)规律,探讨了氧化还原的初始条件、水处理环境、原水水质、氧化剂与还原剂的投加方式等对流动电流的影响.结果表明,水中约0.5mg·l~(-1)的KMnO_4可产生SC的峰值,而且当它与Mn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)经不同条件进行氧化还原作用时,可通过SC值的变化表现出更为明显的电动化学特性. 相似文献
885.
Catalytic activity of V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Zr and Ce oxides over an -alumina support was evaluated for cyclohexane oxidation under oxygen deficient conditions in order to understand the relation between carbon deposition and catalytic activity/selectivity. Carbon formation over the catalysts during the oxidation reaction was measured by means of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Catalysts Mn/Al2O3 and Ce/Al2O3, which are selective for deep oxidation of cyclohexane, possessed relatively carbon free surfaces. The catalysts with relatively high carbon deposition (V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Zr) produced CO in addition to CO2. Traces of formaldehyde were produced over the catalysts Mo and V. 相似文献
886.
887.
Gon Ok Sung-Hee Ji Sang-Jo Kim Young-Kyo Kim Ji-Hoon Park Young-Seup Kim Young-Ho Han 《Chemosphere》2002,46(9-10)
The atmospheric contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were evaluated from the analysis of pine needles in South Korea. Pine needles were collected from 30 sampling points at five main cities in South Korea (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Changwon and Jeju island). The highest concentrations of PCDDs/DFs (2.19–26.88 pg I-TEQ/g of dry weight) were measured at Busan, where is the city of the highest population density and traffic volume among five cities. The lowest concentration was detected at Jeju with 0.62 pg I-TEQ/g dry weight, suggesting Jeju could be an environmental background area in Korea. The dominant homologues of PCDDs/DFs in pine needles were the lower chlorine-substituted compounds such as tetra CDDs and CDFs, and the distribution ratios of PCDDs/DFs decreased with increase of the number of chlorine substituents. Homologue profiles of pine needle samples were similar to PCDDs/DFs profiles of the vapor phase in the ambient air, and thus the pine needles absorbed the vapor phase of PCDDs/DFs from air. Results suggested that pine needles could be used as an indicator of the atmospheric contamination for PCDDs/DFs in Korea. 相似文献
888.
Kinetics and mechanism of nitrite oxidation by hypochlorous acid in the aqueous phase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The rate coefficient for the reaction of nitrite with hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid has been studied using spectrophotometric measurements. The reaction rate has been determined in a wide range of H(+) concentration (5< or =-log[H(+)]< or =11). The kinetics were carried out as a function of NO(2)(-), H(+) and total hypochlorite ([HOCl](total)=[HOCl]+[ClO(-)]+[ClNO(2)]) concentrations. The observed overall rate law is described by: -d[HClO](T)dt=[a[NO(2)(-)](2)+b[NO(2)(-)]][H(+)](2)c+d[H(+)]+e[NO(2)(-)][H(+)](2)[HOCl](total)At T=298 K and in Na(2)SO(4) at an ionic strength (I=1.00 M), we obtained using a nonlinear fitting procedure: a=(1.83+/-0.36)x10(7) s(-1), b=(1.14+/-0.23)x10(5) Ms(-1), c=(1.12+/-0.17)x10(-13) M, d=(1.43+/-0.29)x10(-6) M(2) and e=(1.41+/-0.28)x10(3) M where the errors represent 2sigma. According to the overall rate law, a/b=k(1)/k(3), b/e=k(3), c=K(w), d/c=K(a), d=K(a)K(w) and e=K(1)K(a). In Na(2)SO(4) at an ionic strength (I=1.00 M), the values of K(1) and K(a) are (1.1+/-0.1)x10(-4) and 1.28x10(7) M(-1), respectively. A mechanism is proposed for the NO(2)(-) oxidation which involves the reversible initial step: NO(2)(-)+HOCl left harpoon over right harpoon ClNO(2)+OH(-) (K(1)), while ClNO(2) undergoes the two parallel reactions: attack by NO(2)(-) (k(1)) and hydrolysis (k(3)). ClNO(2) and N(2)O(4) are proposed as important intermediates as they control the mechanism. The rate coefficients k(1) and k(3) have been determined at different ionic strengths in NaCl and Na(2)SO(4). The influence of the ionic strength and ionic environment has been studied in this work. 相似文献
889.
A new environmental chamber for evaluation of gas-phase chemical mechanisms and secondary aerosol formation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William P.L. Carter David R. Cocker III Dennis R. Fitz Irina L. Malkina Kurt Bumiller Claudia G. Sauer John T. Pisano Charles Bufalino Chen Song 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2005,39(40):7768-7788
A new state-of-the-art indoor environmental chamber facility for the study of atmospheric processes leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been constructed and characterized. The chamber is designed for atmospheric chemical mechanism evaluation at low reactant concentrations under well-controlled environmental conditions. It consists of two collapsible 90 m3 FEP Teflon film reactors on pressure-controlled moveable frameworks inside a temperature-controlled enclosure flushed with purified air. Solar radiation is simulated with either a 200 kW Argon arc lamp or multiple blacklamps. Results of initial characterization experiments, all carried out at 300–305 K under dry conditions, concerning NOx and formaldehyde offgasing, radical sources, particle loss rates, and background PM formation are described. Results of initial single organic–NOx and simplified ambient surrogate–NOx experiments to demonstrate the utility of the facility for mechanism evaluation under low NOx conditions are summarized and compared with the predictions of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism. Overall, the results of the initial characterization and evaluation indicate that this new environmental chamber can provide high quality mechanism evaluation data for experiments with NOx levels as low as 2 ppb, though the results indicate some problems with the gas-phase mechanism that need further study. Initial evaluation experiments for SOA formation, also carried out under dry conditions, indicate that the chamber can provide high quality secondary aerosol formation data at relatively low hydrocarbon concentrations. 相似文献
890.
Frimmel FH 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):408-413
BACKGROUND: Water is the basis for life and culture. In addition to the availability of water its quality has become a major issue in industrialized areas and in developing countries as well. Water usage has to be seen as part of the hydrological cycle. As a consequence water management has to be sustainable. The aim of the contribution is to give water usage oriented quality criteria and to focus on the technical means to achieve them. MAIN FEATURES: Water is used for many purposes, ranging from drinking and irrigation to a broad variety of technical processes. Most applications need specific hygienic, chemical and/or physical properties. RESULTS: To meet these demands separation and reaction principles are applied. The reuse of water and the application of water treatment with little or no waste and by-product formation is the way to go. Membrane separation and advanced oxidation including catalytic reactions are promising methods that apply natural processes in sustainable technical performance. Thus elimination of specific water constituents (e.g. salts and metals, microorganisms) and waste water cleaning (e.g. pollutants, nutrients and organic water) can be done efficiently. OUTLOOK: Learning from nature and helping nature with appropriate technology is a convincing strategy for sustainable water management. 相似文献