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891.
892.
鞍山市大气尘和金属元素沉降通量及污染特征 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
通过采集鞍山市11个点位的降尘样品以及土壤样品,用ICP-MS分析了Cu、Mn、Zn、Pb等元素含量,并计算其沉降通量。结果表明,鞍山地区大气降尘的沉降通量为2.92~59.8g/(m2.month),其中鞍钢厂区沉降通量均值为31.6g/(m2.month),分别是周边地区和对照地区的4.72倍和10.5倍。重金属As、Cr、Pb和Cd的沉降通量分别为3.78、45.5、42.8、0.457g/(hm2.month)。降尘中各元素的富集系数为0.29~190,其中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mo、Cd、Pb和Se的富集系数大于10,说明这些元素主要来自于人为源。鞍钢厂区土壤中Cu、Pb、Mn、Zn、Mo、Cd、Ca、Fe和Se的含量较辽宁省土壤背景值高,说明其土壤环境已经受到了人类活动的影响。 相似文献
893.
随着城镇生活污水排放标准的日益严格,现有城市污水处理厂普遍面临提标改造的挑战,较多污水处理厂采用三级脱氮工艺降低出水中氮素含量.本研究以磁混凝预处理后的生活污水为研究对象,采用厌氧氨氧化工艺作为三级脱氮工艺,构建含有生物膜和絮体污泥的UASB反应器,处理A/O(二级生化单元)出水,研究串联、分流进水以及回流等条件下系统的脱氮及有机物去除性能,并通过微生物群落分析揭示各阶段的菌群结构变化.结果表明,当UASB串联A/O时,系统出水氨氮、TN和COD分别为1.21、10.02和30.00 mg·L-1.当进水分流比为15%时,提升了UASB的脱氮速率(从0.04升高至0.06 kg·m-3·d-1),UASB分别贡献了系统TN、NH4+-N和COD去除总量的23.4%、20%和20.7%,当系统出水回流到A区时,能进一步降低出水污染物浓度,NH4+-N仅为1 mg·L-1,TN为12.03 mg·L-1.微生物群落结构分析结果表明,在A/O反应器内Proteobacteria为主要菌门,UASB内Planctomycetes门实现富集,生物膜中Planctomycetes丰度为1.93%~8.39%,厌氧氨氧化细菌(以Candidatus Kuenenia为代表)在生物膜和污泥絮体中丰度分别为0.77%~2.19%和0.01%~1.49%.本研究结果表明,基于厌氧氨氧化的三级脱氮工艺能够实现生活污水的深度脱氮,在不增加曝气与碳源投加成本的同时高效去除氨氮、总氮,可为城市生活污水处理厂改造升级提供技术支撑. 相似文献
894.
Sergio Rodríguez Xavier Querol Andrés Alastuey Jesús de la Rosa 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(1):1-7
This article synthesises the results obtained in several projects on atmospheric aerosol (particulate matter – PM) pollution
developed during the last years in the Western Mediterranean. It focuses on particulate matter sources and the strategies
for suitable monitoring in ambient air. The article has been structured in several sections that give response to the main
questions that prompted these studies. After analysing the main PM features in the Mediterranean, a brief review of the main
factors differentiating the particulate matter composition with respect to Central Europe is presented. Finally, the suitability
of the different metrics or parameters for monitoring ambient air PM levels in different types of environments is discussed.
Selected article from the 6th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro organized
by Prof. Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic (www.research.plymouth.ac.uk/ace). 相似文献
895.
以硅藻土为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法引入金属氧化物SnO2和Fe2O3,制备了二元氧化物复合型SO42-/SnO2-Fe2O3-硅藻土固体酸催化剂。利用该催化剂与H2O2构成非均相类Fenton试剂氧化体系,催化H2O2产生氧化能力极强的·OH,用于处理实际翠蓝废水和模拟亚甲基蓝废水。催化剂的最佳制备条件为:H2SO4溶液的浓度3 mol/L,浸渍时间2.0 h,焙烧温度550 ℃,焙烧时间3.5 h,焙烧方式为随炉升降温。实验结果表明:采用在最佳工艺条件下制得的催化剂,处理实际翠蓝废水COD去除率可达79.5%、脱色率达99.6%;处理模拟亚甲基蓝废水COD去除率可达83.1%、脱色率达99.6%。 相似文献
896.
Charlotte Scheutz Rasmus Broe Pedersen Per Haugsted Petersen Jørgen Henrik Bjerre Jørgensen Inmaculada Maria Buendia Ucendo Jacob G. Mønster Jerker Samuelsson Peter Kjeldsen 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(7):1179-1190
Methane generated at landfills contributes to global warming and can be mitigated by biocover systems relying on microbial methane oxidation. As part of a closure plan for an old unlined landfill without any gas management measures, an innovative biocover system was established. The system was designed based on a conceptual model of the gas emission patterns established through an initial baseline study. The study included construction of gas collection trenches along the slopes of the landfill where the majority of the methane emissions occurred. Local compost materials were tested as to their usefulness as bioactive methane oxidizing material and a suitable compost mixture was selected. Whole site methane emission quantifications based on combined tracer release and downwind measurements in combination with several local experimental activities (gas composition within biocover layers, flux chamber based emission measurements and logging of compost temperatures) proved that the biocover system had an average mitigation efficiency of approximately 80%. The study showed that the system also had a high efficiency during winter periods with temperatures below freezing. An economic analysis indicated that the mitigation costs of the biocover system were competitive to other existing greenhouse gas mitigation options. 相似文献
897.
针对医院污水中含有大量致病微生物和有机污染物的特点,选用生物接触氧化-沉淀-加氯消毒处理工艺流程及科学的调试、运转管理模式后,不仅能提高污水处理效果,还能大大降低运行成本,并最终使出水各项指标达到国家规定的排放标准。 相似文献
898.
Sue Ellen C. Bottrel Camila C. Amorim Mônica M.D. Leão Elizângela P. Costa Igor A. Lacerda 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):263-270
In this study, photocatalytic (photo-Fenton and H2O2/UV) and dark Fenton processes were used to remove ethylenethiourea (ETU) from water. The experiments were conducted in a photo-reactor with an 80 W mercury vapor lamp. The mineralization of ETU was determined by total organic carbon analysis, and ETU degradation was qualitatively monitored by the reduction of UV absorbance at 232 nm. A higher mineralization efficiency was obtained by using the photo-peroxidation process (UV/H2O2). Approximately 77% of ETU was mineralized within 120 min of the reaction using [H2O2]0 = 400 mg L?1. The photo-Fenton process mineralized 70% of the ETU with [H2O2]0 = 800 mg L?1 and [Fe2+] = 400 mg L?1, and there is evidence that hydrogen peroxide was the limiting reagent in the reaction because it was rapidly consumed. Moreover, increasing the concentration of H2O2 from 800 mg L?1 to 1200 mg L?1 did not enhance the degradation of ETU. Kinetics studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order model best fit the experimental conditions. The k values for the UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton processes were determined to be 6.2 × 10?4 mg L?1 min?1 and 7.7 × 10?4 mg L?1 min?1, respectively. The mineralization of ETU in the absence of hydrogen peroxide has led to the conclusion that ETU transformation products are susceptible to photolysis by UV light. These are promising results for further research. The processes that were investigated can be used to remove pesticide metabolites from drinking water sources and wastewater in developing countries. 相似文献
899.
Abstract A novel photocatalytic oxidation reactor, using Degussa P‐25 TiO2 as a stationary phase with a thickness of 1.5–2.0 um on the blades of agitator, was developed to study the photocatalytic oxidation of xenobiotics. Particularly in this device, separation of photocatalyst from the purified water after oxidation reaction was not necessary, and no other aeration equipment was required to supply oxygen. To examine the efficiency of this device, photocatalytic degradation of xenobiotic organics such as carbofuran was studied as an example. Results indicated that carbofuran could be degraded completely with mineralization efficiency of 20 % after 6 hours of oxidation under the imposed conditions. The mineralization rate of carbofuran was found to follow the pseudo‐first order reaction kinetics. Moreover, the rate constant of mineralization was found to be proportional to TiO2 film area and the square root of UV light intensity. These results implied the mineralization efficiency of carbofuran could be improved through increasing TiO2 film area and UV light intensity. Accordingly, this novel device showed potential application for degrading xenobiotics in water. 相似文献
900.
Fernando J. Beltrán Juan F. García‐Araya Javier Rivas Pedro M. Álvarez Eva Rodriguez 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):439-454
Abstract Comparison of the effects and kinetics of UV photolysis and four advanced oxidation systems (ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/UV radiation and UV radiation/hydrogen peroxide) for the removal of simazine from water has been investigated. At the conditions applied, the order of reactivity was ozone < ozone/hydrogen peroxide < UV radiation < ozone/UV radiation and UV radiation/hydrogen peroxide. Rate constants of the reactions between ozone and simazine and hydroxyl radical and simazine were found to be 8.7 M‐1s‐1 and 2.1x109 M‐1s‐1, respectively. Also, a quantum yield of 0.06 mol.photon‐1 was found for simazine at 254 nm UV radiation. The high value of the quantum yield corroborated the importance of the direct photolysis process. Percentage contributions of direct reaction with ozone, reaction with hydroxyl radicals and direct photolysis were also quantified. 相似文献