Feasibility of bioleaching combined with Fenton oxidation to improve sewage sludge dewaterability

A novel joint method of bioleaching with Fenton oxidation was applied to condition sewage sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and moisture of sludge cake (MSC) were adopted to evaluate the improvement of sludge dewaterability. After 2-day bioleaching, the sludge pH dropped to about 2.5 which satisfied the acidic condition for Fenton oxidation. Meanwhile, the SRF declined from 6.45 × 10¹⁰ to 2.07 × 10¹⁰ s²/g, and MSC decreased from 91.42% to 87.66%. The bioleached sludge was further conditionedwith Fenton oxidation. From an economical point of view, the optimal dosages of H₂O₂ and Fe2+ were 0.12 and 0.036 mol/L, respectively, and the optimal reaction time was 60 min. Under optimal conditions, SRF, volatile solids reduction, and MSC were 3.43 × 10⁸ s²/g, 36.93%, and 79.58%, respectively. The stability and settleability of sewage sludge were both improved significantly. Besides, the results indicated that bioleaching-Fenton oxidation was more efficient in dewatering the sewage sludge than traditional Fenton oxidation. The sludge conditioningmechanisms by bioleaching-Fenton oxidationmight mainly include the flocculation effects and the releases of extracellular polymeric substances-bound water and intercellular water.     

Removal of formaldehyde over MnxCe1-xO2 catalysts: Thermal catalytic oxidation versus ozone catalytic oxidation

MnxCe1- xO2（x： 0.3–0.9） prepared by Pechini method was used as a catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde（HCHO）. At x = 0.3 and 0.5, most of the manganese was incorporated in the fluorite structure of Ce O2 to form a solid solution. The catalytic activity was best at x = 0.5, at which the temperature of 100% removal rate is the lowest（270°C）. The temperature for 100% removal of HCHO oxidation is reduced by approximately 40°C by loading 5 wt.% Cu Oxinto Mn0.5Ce0.5O2. With ozone catalytic oxidation, HCHO（61 ppm） in gas stream was completely oxidized by adding 506 ppm O3 over Mn0.5Ce0.5O2 catalyst with a GHSV（gas hourly space velocity） of 10,000 hr-1at 25°C. The effect of the molar ratio of O3 to HCHO was also investigated. As O3/HCHO ratio was increased from 3 to 8, the removal efficiency of HCHO was increased from 83.3% to 100%. With O3/HCHO ratio of 8, the mineralization efficiency of HCHO to CO2 was 86.1%. At 25°C, the p-type oxide semiconductor（Mn0.5Ce0.5O2） exhibited an excellent ozone decomposition efficiency of 99.2%,which significantly exceeded that of n-type oxide semiconductors such as Ti O2, which had a low ozone decomposition efficiency（9.81%）. At a GHSV of 10,000 hr-1, [O3]/[HCHO] = 3 and temperature of 25°C, a high HCHO removal efficiency（≥ 81.2%） was maintained throughout the durability test of 80 hr, indicating the long-term stability of the catalyst for HCHO removal.     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

集中供热项目环境效益分析——以某市集中供热项目为例

介绍了某市新区供热现状,并对预测模型AERMOD的运行参数及数据来源进行了简要说明,根据区内供热现状及采取集中供热方式后新区冬季采暖集中供热锅炉烟气污染物排放源强的变化情况,采用AERMOD模型分别进行了预测。在此基础上,通过对比分析,得出了大型集中供热工程具有明显环境效益的结论。     

絮凝沉淀-内电解-厌氧生物氧化预处理DDNP废水

二硝基重氮酚（DDNP）废水是一种严重污染环境和危害人体健康的难降解工业废水。采用絮凝沉淀-内电解-厌氧生物氧化组合工艺预处理DDNP废水,主要考察了内电解反应的进水pH值、反应时间、铁屑与焦炭的质量比和厌氧池停留时间对DDNP废水CODCr去除效果的影响。小试结果表明：以内电解的进水pH值为3,反应时间为120 min,铁屑与焦炭的质量比为12及厌氧池的停留时间为40 h为最佳工艺条件,在此条件下DDNP废水的CODCr去除率可达82.5%,并显著改善其可生化性。     

双甘膦废水处理技术研究

双甘膦废水中含有高浓度总磷、有机磷、甲醛、氰化物、氨氮、COD,运用三效蒸发＋强氧化＋两级化学除磷＋UASB＋兼氧＋好氧组合处理双甘膦废水。研究结果表明双甘膦废水排放满足《污水综合排放标准》（G88978—1996）二级排放标准。     

垃圾填埋场甲烷厌氧氧化作用研究进展

垃圾填埋场是温室气体甲烷的重要人为排放源之一,垃圾分解产生的甲烷会发生垂向和侧向迁移,并被氧化固定在垃圾填埋场中。研究显示与硫酸盐还原作用耦合的甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)作用在垃圾填埋场内及其渗滤液羽状体中均可发生,形成自生碳酸盐和硫化物等沉积。因此,AOM作用是垃圾填埋场甲烷减排的重要途径之一。然而只运用气体地球化学方法与技术难以确定填埋场AOM作用的特征,而填埋场内自生碳酸盐可能保存了AOM作用的信息,但其矿物学、地球化学等特征很少有报导,还有待进一步研究确定。     

印染行业退煮漂废水处理工艺的实验研究

研究"混凝沉淀-Fenton试剂氧化"工艺处理印染行业退煮漂废水,结果表明,在选用的四种混凝剂中,最佳混凝药剂是聚硅酸硫酸铝(PASS),最佳投药量为3 g/L,适宜反应pH值为4~5;用Fenton试剂处理混凝沉淀后的上清液,最佳氧化工艺条件:反应时间为1.5 h、pH为3~5、H2O2投加量为0.2 mol/L、n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)值为1.5;经过"混凝沉淀-Fenton试剂氧化"全流程处理后,废水COD cr、BOD5、色度、SS均有较高的处理效果,COD cr去除率达93.55%、BOD5去除率达89.77%、色度去除率达85.71%、SS去除率达95.9%。     

芬顿氧化技术在废水处理中的进展研究

随着中国水环境形势的日益严峻以及造纸、印染、制药等行业废水排放标准的提高,传统的废水深度处理工艺已经很难满足污染物去除的要求。在查阅大量国内外最新相关技术文献的基础上,介绍了芬顿氧化技术降解废水中污染物的机理,对比了芬顿氧化试剂的浓度、投加量以及反映时间等因素对COD、色度、总磷等水质指标去除率的影响因素,综述了芬顿氧化法在处理焦化废水、印染废水、农药废水、制药废水、造纸废水等难降解工业废水中的应用研究进展。     

借他山之石推动中国空气污染综合防治

2013年11月16日能源基金会(美国)主办的"重塑蓝天:空气质量管理国际研讨会"在北京召开,环境保护部原总工程师、中国环境科学学会副理事长杨朝飞受会议主办方委托做了总结讲话。本文根据杨总工的讲话录音整理以飨读者。