区域规划环评中大气环境监测点位布设研究

探讨了大气环境监测点位的布设方法,在区域规划环境影响评价布设大气监测点位时,应综合考虑开发区的功能区划分、区内产业分布及环境敏感点分布等情况;结合规划区内外现状及规划实施后重点污染源的位置及排放高度,根据区域污染气象条件,采用Gauss模式预测最大浓度落地点,并以此作为区域大气环境监测点的布设依据.对某区域开发规划案例进行了大气环境监测点位布设研究,通过实践,该布设方法不仅可以反映区域大气环境质量现状的空间分布特征,而且可以为区域大气环境预测提供良好的数据支持,为优化区域规划提供依据;同时,对规划后的污染源最大浓度落地点的监测,可以为单个项目的环境预测提供背景值,起到简化入区建设项目环评的作用.     

Influence of atmospheric stability on the mass concentration and chemical composition of atmospheric particles: a case study in Rome, Italy

PM(10) concentration and chemical composition (ions and carbon compounds) at three sampling stations in Rome and in its surroundings was determined daily during a one-month field study, carried out during December 2003. PM concentration at the traffic station was considerably higher than at the urban background and semi-rural stations; elemental carbon was detected as one of the chemical components responsible for this increase. The difference in the concentration of sulphate and ammonium was negligible, as it was expected for secondary pollutants. A negative artefact in the determination of ammonium nitrate by means of heated automatic monitors was highlighted. The dilution properties of the lower atmosphere were traced by means of a natural radioactivity monitor. This parameter has been found to play an essential role in pollution buildup. A considerable increase in PM concentration was observed to coincide with periods of atmospheric stability. The main difference in PM composition between periods of high concentration and periods of "clean" air was found to be in the increase of ammonium nitrate concentration.     

廊坊市大气环境质量与环境容量研究

根据廊坊市2003～2008年空气监测数据,采用灰色模型GM(1,1)对该市大气环境质量主导因子PM10、SO2和NO2进行模拟预测,采用宏观总量控制A值法对理想大气容量进行计算分析,最终建议在工业污染源、生活污染源、交通污染源和建筑扬尘污染源4个方面采取必要措施保护廊坊市的大气环境。     

辽宁省大气湿沉降化学特征分析

通过分析降水酸度、化学特征和湿沉降量等酸沉降控制指标,得出2009年辽宁省大气湿沉降化学特征。研究发现,辽宁省总体上酸雨污染并不严重,但区域性污染突出;降水化学污染严重,呈地域分布不平衡特征,重污染城市位于辽宁省西部和中部;湿沉降量的空间分布与降水化学污染不同,沉降量大的城市位于东部和南部沿海,所有离子湿沉降量最大值均出现在夏季。     

执行《环境空气质量标准》应注意的问题

随着《环境空气质量标准》GB30 95- 1 996(简称新标准 )取代 GB30 95- 82 (简称旧标准 ) ,大气环境质量现状监测和影响评价工作需要作出相应的修正以适应新标准的要求 ,从实际工作出发 ,总结出了执行新标准应注意的一些问题及其解决方法。     

Book reviews

AUTOMATIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS by M. Valcárcel and M. D. Luque de Castro, Volume 9 in series Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1988), 560 pages, US$ 131.50

SELF‐DIFFUSION IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF DATA COMPILED FROM THE LITERATURE by R. Mills and V. M. M. Lobo, Volume 36 published in the series Physical Sciences Data, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988), 354 pages, US$ 134.25     

Magneto-biomonitoring of intra-urban spatial variations of particulate matter using tree leaves

Preliminary mineral magnetic results from a pilot project investigating the suitability of roadside tree leaves as depositories of vehicular pollution are presented. Tree leaf surfaces (Lime: Tilia europaea; Sycamore: Acer pseudoplatanus) at four roadside and one woodland location in Wolverhampton, UK, have been monitored (July 2003 to November 2003). Mineral magnetic technologies have revealed spatial variations of particulate pollution concentration throughout the conurbation and data analysis indicates that magnetic concentration parameters are suitable proxies for fine particulate pollution, which are particularly hazardous to health. Site-specific traffic management and associated vehicle behaviour appear to be chiefly responsible for the magnetic concentration differences between sites. Magneto-biomonitoring in this way allows the high-resolution spatial mapping of particulate matter (PM) pollution, which may also benefit epidemiology in better assessing exposure to vehicular-derived particulates. Given the speed, measurement sensitivity and non-destructive nature of the technique, it is proposed that this low-cost approach offers some advantages over centralised monitoring stations to monitor urban roadside particulate pollution.     

“大气十条”实施后大气污染协同治理政策的量化研究

针对大气污染问题,2013年国务院颁布了《大气污染防治行动计划》,从更高层次上实施国家及区域层面的大气污染协同治理战略。区域联合防控及协同治理是当前情况下治理好大气污染的必然选择,但是尚未形成完整的体系。收集整理了100篇大气污染协同治理相关政策文件,构建了政策工具量化的二维分析框架,探讨了当前对大气污染协同治理的政策工具使用情况,并针对性地提出了强化命令型政策工具、弥补能力型建设工具、完善奖惩福利机制、完善监督监测预警系统等一系列政策建议。     

易燃、易爆(有毒)重大危险源(罐区)泄漏物扩散模型及数值模拟

在研究易燃、易爆、有毒的重大危险源和泄漏物扩散模型的基础上,建立了易燃、易爆、有毒物三维数值模拟程序,得到了复杂地形条件下关键点的有害物浓度历史和有害物的时空分布     

天山北坡经济带城市NO2污染的时空分布特征

基于2015—2020年近地面NO₂质量浓度数据和2019年哨兵-5P TROPOMI卫星探测的对流层NO₂柱浓度数据,采用相关性分析、趋势分析等方法探究新疆天山北坡经济带6个城市NO₂污染的时空分布特征。结果表明：（1）从年均值来看,天山北坡经济带NO₂质量浓度总体呈下降趋势,尤其2018—2020年下降明显。其中乌鲁木齐NO₂质量浓度值最高、博乐最低。（2）从季度均值和月均值来看,各城市NO₂质量浓度季节变化明显,其中夏季最低、冬季最高;月均值呈“中间低、两头高”的变化特征。（3）从日均值来看,各城市NO₂质量浓度大多呈现双峰型分布,分别出现在早上10:00和晚上23:00。（4）从空间分布来看,NO₂柱浓度高值区多分布在人口密集和工业发达的城市地区,尤其是乌鲁木齐、昌吉、五家渠、石河子污染最为严重。