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121.
A new technique for the separation and pre-concentration of dissolved Fe(III) from the ligand-rich aqueous system is proposed. A solid phase extraction (SPE) system with an immobilized macrocyclic material, commonly known as molecular recognition technology (MRT) gel and available commercially, was used. Synthetic Fe(III) solution in aqueous matrices spiked with a 100-fold concentration of EDTA was used. Dissolved iron that was ‘captured’ by the MRT gel was eluted using hydrochloric acid and subsequently determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of different variables, such as pH, reagent concentration, flow rate and interfering ions, on the recovery of analyte was investigated. Quantitative maximum separation (∼100%) of the dissolved Fe(III) from synthetic aqueous solutions at a natural pH range was observed at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min-1. The extraction efficiency of the MRT gel is largely unaltered by the coexisting ions commonly found in natural water. When compared with different SPE materials, the separation performance of MRT gel is also much higher. 相似文献
122.
Reptiles often breed within agricultural and urban environments that receive frequent pesticide use. Consequently, their eggs and thus developing embryos may be exposed to pesticides. Our objectives were to determine (i) if turtle eggs are capable of absorbing pesticides from treated soil, and (ii) if pesticide absorption rates can be predicted by their chemical and physical properties. Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) eggs were incubated in soil that was treated with 10 pesticides (atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, azinphos-methyl, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, endosulfan (I and II), captan, and chlorothalonil). There were two treatments, consisting of pesticides applied at application rate equivalents of 1.92 or 19.2 kg a.i/ha. Eggs were removed after one and eight days of exposure and analyzed for pesticides using gas chromatography coupled with a mass selective detector (GC-MSD) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Absorption of pesticides in eggs from soil increased with both magnitude and duration of exposure. Of the 10 pesticides, atrazine and metolachlor generally had the greatest absorption, while azinphos-methyl had the lowest. Chlorothalonil was below detection limits at both exposure rates. Our preliminary model suggests that pesticides having the highest absorption into eggs tended to have both low sorption to organic carbon or lipids, and high water solubility. For pesticides with high water solubility, high vapor pressure may also increase absorption. As our model is preliminary, confirmatory studies are needed to elucidate pesticide absorption in turtle eggs and the potential risk they may pose to embryonic development. 相似文献
123.
Zhang Y Xiong X Han Y Zhang X Shen F Deng S Xiao H Yang X Yang G Peng H 《Chemosphere》2012,88(2):145-154
Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technology involved applying an electrical bias to a TiO2 film electrode, has been widely applied to the degradation of refractory organic pollutants, owing to its high degradation efficiency. This paper reviews recent developments in the PEC degradation of recalcitrant organic contaminants using a TiO2 film electrode. The preparation and application of various TiO2 film electrodes have been investigated, as well as the parameters that influence PEC activity such as the crystal structure, the film thickness and substrate material, the applied electrical bias, the solution pH and conductivity. The improvement of PEC activity by doping the TiO2 film electrode with metal and non-metal ions has been discussed. The mechanism and kinetics for the PEC degradation of organic pollutants have also been highlighted. 相似文献
124.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):505-516
Abstract With the phase-out of methyl bromide scheduled for 2005, alternative fumigants are being sought. This study of Telone C35, a mixture of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) with chloropicirin (CP), focuses on its emissions, distribution, and persistence in Florida sandy soil in microplots with different soil–water and organic matter carbon (C) content with and without two different plastic film mulches. The addition of CP did not affect the physical behavior of the isomers of 1,3-D. Slower subsurface dispersion and longer residence time of the mixed fumigant occurred at higher water content. An increase in the percent organic carbon in the soil led to a more rapid decrease for chloropicirin than for 1,3-dichloropene isomers. The use of a virtually impermeable film (VIF) for soil cover provided a more even distribution and longer persistence under all the conditions studied in comparison to polyethylene (PE) film cover or no cover. The conditions of near field capacity water content, low organic matter, and a virtually impermeable film cover yielded optimum conditions for the distribution, emission control, and persistence of Telone C35 in a Florida sandy soil. 相似文献
125.
In this paper, the utilisation of zeolites synthesised from fly ash (FA) and related co-disposal filtrates as low-cost adsorbent material were investigated. When raw FA and co-disposal filtrates were subjected to alkaline hydrothermal zeolite synthesis, the zeolites faujasite, sodalite and zeolite A were formed. The synthesised zeolites were explored to establish its ability to remove lead and mercury ions from aqueous solution in batch experiments, to which various dosages of the synthesised zeolites were added. The test results indicated that when increasing synthesised zeolite dosages of 5-20 g/L were added to the acid mine drainage (AMD) wastewater, the concentrations of lead and mercury in the wastewater were reduced accordingly. The lead concentrations were reduced from 3.23 to 0.38 and 0.17 microg/kg, respectively, at an average pH of 4.5, after the addition of raw FA zeolite and co-disposal filtrate zeolite to the AMD wastewater. On the other hand, the mercury concentration was reduced from 0.47 to 0.17 microg/kg at pH=4.5 when increasing amounts of co-disposal filtrate zeolite were added to the wastewater. The experimental results had shown that the zeolites synthesised from the co-disposal filtrates were effective in reducing the lead and mercury concentrations in the AMD wastewater by 95% and 30%, respectively. 相似文献
126.
近年来,水污染事件频发并带来严重的社会后果,如何才能行之有效的检验水质的好坏,采取何种水质分析技术至关重要。传统水质分析方法存在步骤繁琐等弊端。拉曼光谱是一种研究物质结构快速有效的方法,目前广泛应用于多个领域,但在水质分析中的应用讨论依然为数不多。拉曼光谱能够在不破坏水样的前提下快速准确的检测水质,为日常水质监督检测及水污染事件发生后快速找到污染源提供积极有效的帮助。本文概述了拉曼光谱用于水质分析的原理及优势,详细评述了拉曼光谱在水质分析领域中的研究成果,并对拉曼光谱用于水质分析的未来进行展望。 相似文献
127.
污水汽提酸性水罐密闭除臭 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
张颂光 《石油化工环境保护》2005,28(4):32-33,39
污水汽提装置酸性水罐一般为拱顶罐,罐顶散发大量含硫、含氨等恶臭气体,污染周围环境和影响人体健康。对污水汽提装置所有酸性水罐密闭联结,将逸散气体引入除臭装置,采用高效吸收剂,通过二级旋流塔吸收将硫化氢、硫醇、硫醚等恶臭物质除去,实现尾气达标排放。 相似文献
128.
《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(2):251-263
Abstract Nanofiltration (NF) membrane is an alternative lower energy membrane type compared to reverse osmosis membrane. NF is suitable for rejection of ions and molecules with molecular weight greater than 200 Da. In this study leachate wastewater from a sanitary landfill site in Malaysia was filtered through a NF membrane in order to determine the rejection capability of the membrane towards pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, nitrate, ammonia-nitrogen, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe. The NF membrane used was HL membrane, which under the atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging, showed visible discrete pores. The overall rejections of the pollutants were more than 85% except for nitrate and ammonia nitrogen. NF can be considered an alternative for advanced filtration especially within a hybrid treatment system combining biological–physical treatment and membrane filtration. 相似文献
129.
130.
依据JJF1059.1-2012,确立测量结果和不确定度评价的数学模型,从采集气样体积和采气后滤膜消解液待测物浓度和定容体积三个部分,A类不确定度和B类不确定度二个方面评定测量过程的不确定度,量化各不确定度分量。本次测量相对合成标准不确定度为0.024,较大的不确定度是样品浓度测量过程中的A类不确定度,主要由标准曲线测量和样品测量随机偏差引入,分量值分别为0.013和0.011。本次测量结果为0.169±0.008mg/m3(包含区间在0.161~0.177mg/m3),k=2。即在包含概率约为95%的条件下,可以判定该工作场所空气中硒化氢的含量已经超过了PC-TWA标准限值。 相似文献