Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants using TiO2 film electrodes: an overview

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technology involved applying an electrical bias to a TiO₂ film electrode, has been widely applied to the degradation of refractory organic pollutants, owing to its high degradation efficiency. This paper reviews recent developments in the PEC degradation of recalcitrant organic contaminants using a TiO₂ film electrode. The preparation and application of various TiO₂ film electrodes have been investigated, as well as the parameters that influence PEC activity such as the crystal structure, the film thickness and substrate material, the applied electrical bias, the solution pH and conductivity. The improvement of PEC activity by doping the TiO₂ film electrode with metal and non-metal ions has been discussed. The mechanism and kinetics for the PEC degradation of organic pollutants have also been highlighted.     

Persistence,Distribution, and Emission of Telone C35 Injected into a Florida Sandy Soil as Affected by Moisture,Organic Matter,and Plastic Film Cover

Abstract

With the phase-out of methyl bromide scheduled for 2005, alternative fumigants are being sought. This study of Telone C35, a mixture of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) with chloropicirin (CP), focuses on its emissions, distribution, and persistence in Florida sandy soil in microplots with different soil–water and organic matter carbon (C) content with and without two different plastic film mulches. The addition of CP did not affect the physical behavior of the isomers of 1,3-D. Slower subsurface dispersion and longer residence time of the mixed fumigant occurred at higher water content. An increase in the percent organic carbon in the soil led to a more rapid decrease for chloropicirin than for 1,3-dichloropene isomers. The use of a virtually impermeable film (VIF) for soil cover provided a more even distribution and longer persistence under all the conditions studied in comparison to polyethylene (PE) film cover or no cover. The conditions of near field capacity water content, low organic matter, and a virtually impermeable film cover yielded optimum conditions for the distribution, emission control, and persistence of Telone C35 in a Florida sandy soil.     

Alkaline hydrothermal conversion of fly ash precipitates into zeolites 3: the removal of mercury and lead ions from wastewater

In this paper, the utilisation of zeolites synthesised from fly ash (FA) and related co-disposal filtrates as low-cost adsorbent material were investigated. When raw FA and co-disposal filtrates were subjected to alkaline hydrothermal zeolite synthesis, the zeolites faujasite, sodalite and zeolite A were formed. The synthesised zeolites were explored to establish its ability to remove lead and mercury ions from aqueous solution in batch experiments, to which various dosages of the synthesised zeolites were added. The test results indicated that when increasing synthesised zeolite dosages of 5-20 g/L were added to the acid mine drainage (AMD) wastewater, the concentrations of lead and mercury in the wastewater were reduced accordingly. The lead concentrations were reduced from 3.23 to 0.38 and 0.17 microg/kg, respectively, at an average pH of 4.5, after the addition of raw FA zeolite and co-disposal filtrate zeolite to the AMD wastewater. On the other hand, the mercury concentration was reduced from 0.47 to 0.17 microg/kg at pH=4.5 when increasing amounts of co-disposal filtrate zeolite were added to the wastewater. The experimental results had shown that the zeolites synthesised from the co-disposal filtrates were effective in reducing the lead and mercury concentrations in the AMD wastewater by 95% and 30%, respectively.     

水中砷的原子荧光光谱测定结果的不确定度评定

目的 对原子荧光光谱法测定水中砷含量的不确定度来源及其对测量不确定度的影响进行分析。方法 利用相对标准不确定度进行测量不确定度的评定。过程采用直观的因果图,建立有效的数学模型,利用相对标准不确定度分量进行测量不确定度评定,并在砷含量为1．7μg/L的水样测定中,获得其相对标准不确定度为3．4％,有效自由度为25。结论 原子荧光光谱法对水中砷浓度测量不确定度影响因素中,工作曲线拟合产生的不确定度较大。     

氘灯对原子吸收法测定高盐废水中镉含量的影响

在石化行业中,由于采气废水多为高舍盐废水,如果按照地表水、地下水的测试方法对其重金属指标进行测试,其测试结果和真实值之间存在较大的偏差。本研究中采用火焰原子吸收法对影响吸收的背景进行氘灯扣除,得到了一种适合于高含盐废水体中镉含量测定的分析方法。通过实验验证,该方法相对误差在8．75％以内,检测限0．0042mg／L,回...     

Experimental measurement and modeling of the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia

In this work, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia solvent has been studied by applying a newly built wetted wall column. The absorption rate in aqueous ammonia was measured at temperatures from 279 to 304 K for 1 to 10 wt% aqueous ammonia with loadings varying from 0 to 0.8 mol CO₂/mol NH₃. The absorption rate in 30 wt% aqueous mono-ethanolamine (MEA) was measured at 294 and 314 K with loadings varying from 0 to 0.4 as comparison.It was found that at 304 K, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by 10 wt% NH₃ solvent was comparable to the rates for 30 wt% MEA at 294 and 314 K (a typical absorption temperature for this process). The absorption rate using ammonia was however significantly lower at temperatures of 294 K and lower as applied in the Chilled Ammonia Process. However, at these low temperatures, the rate of absorption in ammonia has only a small temperature dependency.The rate of absorption decreases strongly with decreasing ammonia concentrations and increasing CO₂ loadings.The rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia solvent was modeled using the measurements of the unloaded solutions and the zwitter-ion mechanism. The model could successfully predict the experimental measurements of the absorption rate of CO₂ in loaded ammonia solutions.     

石墨炉原子吸收法最佳条件选择分析

主要对石墨炉原子吸收法测定铬元素的最佳实验条件的选择进行研究,最佳工作条件的选择包括石墨管的选择、石墨炉最佳升温程序的选择。     

RA-915^＋型测汞仪快速测定土壤中的总汞

本文采用RA-915＋型测汞仪建立了一种快速测定土壤中总汞的热解析冷原子吸收分光光度法。该方法使用土壤标准样品直接固体进样建立标准曲线,不需要任何样品前处理消解过程,可在几分钟内快速测量1个土壤样品中的总汞含量。采用该方法分析了ESS系列4个土壤标准样品和GSS系列15个土壤标准样品,并与原子荧光法比对分析了9个土壤实际样品,结果表明本方法具有快速、准确、简便和稳定性较高等优点。     

燃烧器偏转-火焰原子吸收法测定水中钾钠钙镁

对采用燃烧器偏转-火焰原子吸收法测定水中钾、钠、钙、镁的仪器条件及灵敏度、检出限、测定下限、精密度、准确度进行了研究。发现该方法在没有铯盐及镧盐加入的情况下,曲线线性好、灵敏度高、精密度好、准确度高,能够满足实际分析的需要。     

半胱氨酸合铁(Ⅱ)溶液同时脱除烟中SO_2和NO_x和研究

研究用半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液同时脱除烟气中ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ＿ｘ，研究了［ＳＯ＿３￣（２－）〕对ＮＯ＿ｘ脱除率的影响、半胱氨酸的再生。实验表明：烟气中ＳＯ＿２可以全部脱除；随［ＳＯ＿３￣（２－＿）］的增加能增大半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液对ＮＯ的吸收，但有一定限度；氧化产物胱氨酸可用Ｈ＿２Ｓ／ＳＯ＿２／ＯＨ－（Ｎａ＿２Ｓ／Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿３）体系还原为半阶氨酸。使此过程循环，无二次污染。