程序控温石墨消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中总砷

采用程序控温石墨全自动消解仪消解土壤样品,原子荧光光谱法测定总砷。通过试验确定原子荧光光度计的最佳工作条件,使得该方法在2.00μg／L ～20.0μg／L 范围内线性良好,检出限为0.025 mg／kg,加标回收率在96.0％～10^5％之间,RSD为1.9％～3.3％。用该方法与国标法同时测定土壤标准样品和实际样品,结果无显著差异。     

Absorption cross-sections of atmospheric constituents: NO2, O2, and H2O

Absorption spectroscopy, which is widely used for concentration measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric compounds, requires precise values of the absorption cross-sections of the measured species. NO₂, O₂ and its collision-induced absorption spectrum, and H₂O absorption cross-sections have been measured at temperature and pressure conditions prevailing in the Earth’s atmosphere. Corrections to the generally accepted analysis procedures used to resolve the convolution problem are also proposed.     

高浓度Al存在时Ca的测定

用原子吸收法测定土壤中Ｃａ含量时，有高浓度Ａｌ存在会产生负干扰。在待测液中加入Ｓｒ＾２＋作为释放剂可以消除干扰，并获得正确的测定值。     

喷射鼓泡反应器湿法烟气脱硫的研究

以中试喷射鼓泡反应器为基础 ,一个石灰湿法烟气脱硫模型被建立。该模型以膜理论为基础 ,包括 SO2 的吸收模型和反应器模型。模型涉及的化学反应被假设为瞬间可逆完成。模型计算结果能较好地与实验值吻合。     

喷丸亚光机的危害性分析与无害化设计

从安全设备工程学的观点出发 ,分析了喷丸亚光机这一特种机械的危险因素和有害因素 ,阐述了在防尘、降噪、安全、耐用等方面所采取的相应防护措施和关键技术。提出了使该设备达到安全化、无害化的设计方法 ,使机械设计制造与工业安全卫生科学紧密结合 ,不仅具有生产功能的实用性 ,而其加工性能和相关指标达到或优于国外同类设备。     

Concentration effect of trace metals in Jordanian patients of urinary calculi

Due to the increase in the number of urinary calculi disease cases in Jordan, stone samples were collected from patients from various Jordanian hospitals (Princes Basma (PBH), King Abdullah University (KAUH), Al-Basheer (ABH) and Al-Mafraq (AMH)). This study concentrates on the effect of trace metals in patients of urinary calculi. Trace metals were detected in 110 urinary calculi samples using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. Of the calculi examined, 21 were pure calcium oxalate (CaOax), 29 were mixed calcium oxalate/uric acid, 23 were mixed calcium oxalate/phosphate (apatite), 25 were phosphate calculi (apatite/struvite), five were mixed calcium oxalate monohydrate/struvite, four were urate calculi (mixed ammonium acid urate/sodium acid urate) and three were pure cystine calculi. The concentration measurement of Ca and other trace metals levels has been found useful in understanding the mechanism of stone formation and in evaluating pathological factors. It has been found that Ca is the main constituent of the urinary calculi, especially those stones composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The concentration of most of the trace metals that were analyzed was (Ca = 48.18, Na = 1.56, K = 0.9, Mg = 3.08, Fe = 1.17, Al = 0.49, Zn = 0.7, Cu = 0.19, Mn = 0.029, P = 10.35, S = 1.88, Sr = 0.306, Mo = 0.2, Cr = 0.146, Co = 0.05, Ni = 0.014)%. In conclusion, metals concentration in Jordanian patient’s urinary calculi samples was higher than its equivalents of other patients’. It has been noted that there is no concentration of toxic trace elements (like Li, V, Pb, Cd, and As). Some heavy metals, however, were detected Mo, Cr, Co and Ni as traces. P and S ions are present in few calculi stones as traces.     

A FS-830型双道原子荧光光度计常见故障及排除方法

以吉天AFS-830型双道原子荧光光度计为例,介绍了仪器使用过程中出现的联机失败、管路不畅、自动进样器停止工作等常见故障,分析了故障产生的原因,并提出了排除方法。     

Indicators for sustainable energy development: An initiative by the International Atomic Energy Agency

Since 1999, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been leading a multinational, multi‐agency effort to develop a set of energy indicators useful for measuring progress on sustainable development at the national level. This effort has included the identification of major relevant energy indicators, the development of a framework for implementation and the testing of the applicability of this tool in a number of countries. To achieve these goals, the IAEA has worked closely with other international organizations, leaders in energy and environmental statistics and analysis including the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), the International Energy Agency (IEA), Eurostat and the European Environment Agency (EEA). Also, the IAEA completed a three‐year coordinated research project for the implementation and testing of the original set of indicators in seven countries — Brazil, Cuba, Lithuania, Mexico, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic and Thailand. This article provides an overview of the IAEA programme on Indicators for Sustainable Energy Development (ISED) and highlights its experiences and accomplishments.     

差分吸收光谱法多组分浓度反演试验研究

应用新的差分吸收光谱烟气浓度反演算法对SO2、NO、NO2混合气体浓度反演进行了试验研究。与常规反演算法相比,该算法充分考虑了被测对象在不同波段上的差分吸收结构差异,避免了多组分同时反演时使用同一频率进行数字滤波引入的误差。结果表明,该算法能对多组分气体浓度进行快速、准确的反演,误差小于5%。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定环境空气中的砷

建立了浸渍滤膜吸附-微波消解-原子荧光法测定环境空气中的砷的方法,改进了原有的采样方法,有效地克服了原方法中湿法消解的缺点,并大大降低了检出限,能够满足《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—2012）中对砷排放的参考浓度限值要求。