岷—沱江汞环境背景值研究

本文介绍了用冷原子荧光法测定岷—沱江原水(总汞)、过滤水(溶解性汞)、悬浮物(悬浮态汞)及沉积物中汞含量。方法检测限为0.004μg/l。经选用W检验、Vistelius置信带法和偏度、峰度法联合进行汞含量分布类型检验,综合判断、研究得出岷—沱江水系河水中汞背景值(总量)为0.25μg/l,汞主要以溶解态存在于水体中,沉积物中汞背景值为0.018mg/kg。岷—沱江水系汞背景值无论与国内各水系还是同世界河流水平相比,均处于相同和较低水平。     

原子荧光法测定土壤中的砷

砷在世界各地的土壤中有着广泛的分布.砷会影响到人内脏器官功能,而且具有致癌性、致突变和致畸性.在测定土壤中砷的过程中,采用硝酸、硫酸、高氯酸消解体系进行对土壤进行消解处理,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法进行测定,具有很好的准确性和精密度.     

银膜富集法测定大气中的气态汞

探讨了用银膜富集管测定大气中气态汞的方法、影响气态汞吸收率的因素和银膜富集管的再生方法。结果表明 :银膜富集管对大气中的气态汞能有效富集。当银膜长 /管径大于 2 0 0 mm/4.5mm,流速为 0 .4L/min时 ,银膜富集管对气态汞的吸收率达 98%以上。     

利用硫铁矿烧渣和硫酸铵废液制备铵铁蓝

将氨法制铁黄所产生的硫酸铵废液净化后,加入硫铁矿烧渣制备得到的硫酸亚铁得到硫酸亚铁和硫酸铵混合溶液,其硫酸亚铁和硫酸铵Ё浓度分别为0.346和0.173 mol·L-1.按照硫酸亚铁与亚铁氰化钠物质的量比为1.15:1,将硫酸亚铁和硫酸铵混合溶液加入浓度为0.200 mol·L-1的亚铁氰化钠溶液中,80℃下反应10 min得到白浆.将所得白浆在100℃下热煮1 h,加入质量分数为50%的硫酸溶液酸煮2 h,降温至70℃后加入质量分数为10%的氯酸钠溶液氧化3 h得到铁蓝.将铁蓝过滤、洗涤、干燥、研磨得到铵铁蓝粉末.实验所得铵铁蓝质量优于国家标准GB 1860-88及HG/T 3001-1999行业标准.SEM实验表明,铵铁蓝颗粒大小均匀、粒径约为20 nm;XRD实验表明,铵铁蓝具有与Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3相同的立方晶体结构.     

Effects of soiling and cleaning on the reflectance and solar heat gain of a light-colored roofing membrane

A roof with high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance (e.g., a white roof) stays cool in the sun, reducing cooling power demand in a conditioned building and increasing summertime comfort in an unconditioned building. The high initial solar reflectance of a white membrane roof (circa 0.8) can be lowered by deposition of soot, dust, and/or biomass (e.g., fungi or algae) to about 0.6; degraded solar reflectances range from 0.3 to 0.8, depending on exposure. We investigate the effects of soiling and cleaning on the solar spectral reflectances and solar absorptances of 15 initially white or light-gray polyvinyl chloride membrane samples taken from roofs across the United States. Black carbon and organic carbon were the two identifiable strongly absorbing contaminants on the membranes. Wiping was effective at removing black carbon, and less so at removing organic carbon. Rinsing and/or washing removed nearly all of the remaining soil layer, with the exception of (a) thin layers of organic carbon and (b) isolated dark spots of biomass. Bleach was required to clear these last two features. At the most soiled location on each membrane, the ratio of solar reflectance to unsoiled solar reflectance (a measure of cleanliness) ranged from 0.41 to 0.89 for the soiled samples; 0.53 to 0.95 for the wiped samples; 0.74 to 0.98 for the rinsed samples; 0.79 to 1.00 for the washed samples; and 0.94 to 1.02 for the bleached samples. However, the influences of membrane soiling and cleaning on roof heat gain are better gauged by fractional variations in solar absorptance. Solar absorptance ratios (indicating solar heat gain relative to that of an unsoiled membrane) ranged from 1.4 to 3.5 for the soiled samples; 1.1 to 3.1 for the wiped samples; 1.0 to 2.0 for the rinsed samples; 1.0 to 1.9 for the washed samples; and 0.9 to 1.3 for the bleached samples.     

粉煤灰处理煤矿酸性废水的研究

采用石灰石中和沉淀，粉煤灰吸附处理煤矿酸性废水，取得了良好的效果。用石灰石调节pH至4.5，再用石灰中和至中性，并用粉煤灰吸附，粉煤灰用量为10g／L时处理效果较好。     

原子吸收光谱在石化领域的应用

简述了近十几年来原子吸收光谱在我国石油化学工业领域的应用及进展，全文分原油及其加工产品，化工物品，催化剂添加剂等几类样品阐述。     

土壤中铅的平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定

采用悬浮液进样,以平台石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定土壤中的铅。通过180目筛孔的土壤样,可均匀、稳定地悬浮于0.2％(W/V)琼脂液中。方法的相对标准偏差为1.2％～5％;回收率为93％～110％;进样10μl ,检出限为21.4pg。与火焰原子吸收法对照,两者测定结果相吻合。     

火焰原子吸收法测定人体元素含量的研究

应用火焰原子吸收法，对123个人体发样中微量元素铜、铅、锌、铁、钙进行测定。分析微量元素在不同年龄段含量变化情况和原因，对其进行探讨，并提出自己对儿童成长过程中微量元素含量变化的建议和看法。     

染料中铅的测定

硝酸和双氧水进行消解 ,用石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定染料中的铅。