Determination of Cd,Cr, Cu,Pb and Zn from various water samples with use of FAAS techniques after the solid phase extraction on rice bran

A facile and novel method has been developed for the determination of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc from various water samples using FAAS. In the present investigation, a syringe was loaded with sorbent (rice bran) for the separation and enrichment of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc, prior to their analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry which was described to substitute the batch and column techniques. The syringe was loaded with 2.0 g of sorbent in order to retain the analyte elements. Six milliliter of sample solution (pH 8.0 ± 0.2) was drawn into the syringe in 15 s and discharged over a period of 15 s. Then, 2.0 M HCl eluent was drawn into the syringe and ejected back to desorb the analyte elements. At the optimum conditions, the percentage recoveries of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn was in the range of 95.5–99.4% with SD of 0.10%. The elements could be concentrated by drawing and discharging several portions of sample successively. The detailed study of various interferences made the confirmation of the method highly selective. The risk of contamination is less than that with the column technique. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in spiked and natural water samples. The results obtained are in good agreement with the reported methods at the 95% confidence level.     

Absorption and recovery of n-hexane in aqueous solutions of fluorocarbon surfactants

n-Hexane is widely used in industrial production as an organic solvent. As an industrial exhaust gas, the contribution of n-hexane to air pollution and damage to human health are attracting increasing attention. In the present study, aqueous solutions of two fluorocarbon surfactants(FSN100 and FSO100) were investigated for their properties of solubilization and dynamic absorption of n-hexane, as well as their capacity for regeneration and n-hexane recovery by thermal distillation. The results show that the two fluorocarbon surfactants enhance dissolution and absorption of n-hexane, and their effectiveness is closely related to their concentrations in solution. For low concentration solutions(0.01%–0.30%), the partition coefficient decreases dramatically and the saturation capacity increases significantly with increasing concentration, but the changes for both are more modest when the concentration is over 0.30%. The FSO100 solution presents a smaller partition coefficient and a greater saturation capacity than the FSN100 solution at the same concentration,indicating a stronger solubilization for n-hexane. Thermal distillation is a feasible method to recover n-hexane from these absorption solutions, and to regenerate them. With 90 sec heating at 80–85°C, the recovery of n-hexane ranges between 81% and 85%, and the regenerated absorption solution maintains its original performance during reuse. This study provides basic information on two fluorocarbon surfactants for application in the treatment of industrial n-hexane waste gases.     

用Excel制作环境监测声像报告

阐述了运用办公自动化应用软件电子表格Ｅｘｃｅｌ制作及播放新型声像片的方法，并以环境监测工作中的实例介绍了具体的制作过程。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定一次性餐具中砷

建立了一次性餐具中砷的氢化物发生－原子荧光测定方法，在选定的试验条件下，荧光强度与砷质量浓度在0μg/L－180μg/L范围内呈线性关系，相关系数0．999 3，溶液检测限0．5μg/L，回收率96％－101％。     

原子吸收光度法测定镉时铁的基体改进效应研究

用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境废水中的痕量镉时,Mn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Zn等共存元素干扰严重。用100mg／L的铁作为基体改进剂可消除上述共存元素的干扰,测定结果令人满意。     

粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类物质的应用研究

以炼油污水气浮后用于冲灰为目的,对粉煤灰吸附炼油污水中的石油类物质进行了初步研究,主要研究了水灰比、与油水的混合时间、静置沉淀时间等因素对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响。研究表明,水灰比对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响最显著。通过正交试验法,找出了粉煤灰处理炼油污水的最优工艺参数组合,为指导现场工作提供了理论依据。同时对粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类的性能进行了研究,证实在常温状态下粉煤灰对石油类的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程。     

鱼粉行业恶臭污染物产生与成分分析探讨

针对目前鱼粉行业废气污染严重、排放量大、成分复杂的特性和测定难度较大、监测准确度较低等实际情况,采用实际监测数据,利用傅立叶红外光谱分析仪,有针对性地对鱼粉生产过程中及采取治理措施后恶臭污染物的排放进行了现场连续监测,得到了全面的监测数据。     

A DFT study on the carbamates formation through the absorption of CO2 by AMP

DFT calculations in gas and aqueous solution phases have been performed to study the mechanism of carbamate formation by the absorption of CO₂ in 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP). The results reveal the importance of considering the effect of water as solvent for the reaction to proceed. Furthermore water molecules play an important role as a basic reactant leading to stable intermediates formation. These results point at a single-step, third order reaction as the most probable mechanism for the formation of carbamate by the absorption process.     

Radionuclide transfer to fruit in the IAEA TRS 364 Revision

Information on the transfer of radionuclides to fruits was almost absent in the former TRS 364 “Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in temperate environments”. The revision of the Handbook, carried out under the IAEA Programme on Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety (EMRAS), takes into account the information generated in the years following the Chernobyl accident and the knowledge produced under the IAEA BIOMASS (Biosphere Modelling and Assessment) Programme in the years 1997–2000. This paper describes the most important processes concerning the behaviour of radionuclides in fruits reported in the IAEA TRS 364 Revision and provides recommendations for research and modelling.     

Effect of liming on the distribution of heavy metals in untreated industrial sewage sludge produced in Pakistan for the cultivation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum bicolor</Emphasis> (L.)

The recycling of sewage sludge on agriculture land represents an alternative, advantageous, disposal of this waste material. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using industrial sewage sludge, produced in Pakistan, as a fertiliser. Agricultural soil amended with 25% (w/w) sewage sludge with or without lime treatment was used for growing a variety of sorghum (PARC-SS-1). The mobility of the heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the untreated industrial waste water sewage sludge (UIWS) samples were assessed by applying a modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The single extraction procedure comprised of the application of mild extractant (CaCl₂) and water for the estimation of the proportion of easily soluble metal fractions. The precision and accuracy of BCR was evaluated by using a certified reference material of soil amended with sewage sludge BCR 483. The plant available metal contents, as extracted by the deionised water and 0.01 M CaCl₂ solution and exchangeable fraction of BCR sequential, decreased with lime application in the range of 10–44% for As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, except in the cases of Cd and Cu, where their mobility was increased by 10% and 24%, respectively. Sludge amendment enhanced the dry weight yield of sorghum and the increase was more obvious after liming up to 25%. The uptake of HMs were lower in test samples (3.2–21.8%), except for Cu and Cd, which was higher (4%), while they were below the permissible limit of these metals. The present experiment demonstrates that liming was important in factors facilitating the growth of sorghum in sludge-amended soil.