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51.
汽车怠速空气补偿器可以使汽油机在怠速时间增加进入气缸的空气量,使汽油能在足量的空气中充分燃烧,从而减少尾中一氧化碳和碳氢化合物的浓度,经实例,本装置可以使汽车尾尾气中的一氧化碳浓度降低30%以上,碳氢化合物浓度降低60%以上。 相似文献
52.
本文着重对汽车行业主要的氙灯曝露试验标准的技术特点进行了综述,并分析了该行业氙灯曝露试验的技术发展趋势. 相似文献
53.
To examine an appropriate recycling system for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) from Japan in the context of Asia, an Asian international
automobile recycling input-output (AI-ARIO) analysis is presented. The AI-ARIO analysis spatially expands the existing ARIO
analysis within the framework of the waste input-output (WIO) analysis developed by Nakamura et al., which considers the interdependence
between the flow of goods and wastes in a country. This analysis focuses on the local and global cycles for ELVs in Asia and
can evaluate the environmental and economic effects of alternative recycling systems. We estimated the AI-ARIO table for Japan
and Thailand and applied it to scenario analyses covering the restriction of ELV trade between the two countries, the introduction
of new recycling techniques in Thailand, and centralized treatment in Japan. We verified the applicability and effectiveness
of the AI-ARIO analysis through the scenario analyses. 相似文献
54.
Effects of legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement: analyses of 28 states from 1976 through 2002
Wagenaar AC Maldonado-Molina MM Ma L Tobler AL Komro KA 《Journal of Safety Research》2007,38(5):493-499
PROBLEM: Hundreds of laws have been implemented in the United States over the past few decades designed to reduce alcohol-impaired driving and the crashes that often result. One approach has been to lower the legally allowable alcohol concentration for drivers. We examined the effects of changes in legal BAC limit in 28 U.S. states from January, 1976 to December, 2002. METHOD: An interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design was used, incorporating non-alcohol-related crashes as comparisons. Four outcome measures of alcohol-related crash involvement were examined: single-vehicle nighttime, BAC=0.01-0.07, BAC=0.08-0.14, and BAC>/=0.15. Missing BAC test result data were handled by using multiple imputations. Analyses involved estimation of state-specific ARIMA models, controlling for other factors affecting overall crash rates and other major DUI policy changes. Inverse variance weighting methods were used to pool results across states for the most precise underlying estimate of effect of legal BAC limits. RESULTS: Considerable state by state variability in estimated effects was observed, but results from the pooled analyses were clear and consistent. Changes in legal BAC limits significantly affected alcohol-related fatal crash involvement for both the SVN and BAC test result measures, and the laws affected drivers at all drinking levels. SUMMARY: An estimated 360 deaths are prevented each year in the United States as a result of the move from a 0.10 to 0.08 legal limit in recent years, and an additional 538 lives could be saved each year if the United States reduced the limit to 0.05, consistent with limits in most countries worldwide. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Given the significant effects of lower legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement, businesses should support implementation of laws that further reduce the legal BAC limit for all drivers. Furthermore, all companies should set higher standards for employees, such as a zero allowable BAC limit for driving during work time. 相似文献
55.
Inconsistent data presently available on the platinum emission rate of cars in Germany equipped with catalytic converters
are evaluated. Automobile sources of Pt other than autocatalysts are quantified and found to be 1–6 orders of magnitudes lower
than the Pt emissions attributed to catalytic converters. A transfer of emission rates derived from test stand experiments
to more realistic street conditions reaches 0.8 μg Pt/km. In this manner, data from test stand experiments and from environmental
investigations meet in the range of 0.5–0.8 μg Pt/km. 相似文献
56.
Free radical generation potential of automobile exhaust gas was examined by measuring hydroxyl (OH) radical photo-formation rates in exhaust gas-scrubbing water. Effects of automobile exhausts on physiological status of Japanese red pine trees (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) were also investigated to elucidate the mechanism how the free radicals derived from exhaust gas damage higher plants. Gasoline and diesel exhaust gases were scrubbed into pure water. Potential photo-formation rates of OH radical in aqueous phase (normalized to sun light intensity of clear sky midday on May 1 at 34°N) for gasoline and diesel cars were ave. 51 and 107 μM h−1 m−3 of exhaust gas, respectively. Nitrite was a dominant source (ca. 70-90%) of photochemical formation of OH radical in both gasoline and diesel car exhausts. The scrubbed solution of diesel car exhaust gas was sprayed for six times per week to needles of pine tree seedlings in open top chambers. Control, exhaust + mannitol (added as OH radical scavenger), and nitrite + nitrate standard solution (equivalent levels existed in the exhaust gas) were also sprayed. Two months sprays indicated that the sprayed solutions of diesel exhaust and nitrite + nitrate caused a decrease of maximum photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance in pine needles while the control and exhaust + mannitol solution showed no effects on photosynthetic activities of pine needles. These results indicated that OH radicals generated mainly from photolysis of nitrite occurring in the scrubbing solution of exhaust gas are responsible for the decrease of photosynthetic activities of pine needles. 相似文献
57.
综述了非调质钢的工艺性能和力学性能及在汽车上的应用.说明非调质钢具有切削加工性能良好,可实施焊接和表面处理;节约能源、简化生产工序、大幅度降低成本等优点. 相似文献
58.
汽车修配厂含油废水处理工程分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了汽车修配厂含油废水的处理技术,提出了隔油-混凝-澄清-过滤处理工艺;根据该工艺设计的汽车修配厂含油废水的处理工程;运行的实际测定结果表明,其处理后的废水,CODcr可降到35mg/L,油可降到8mg/L,SS可降到20mg/L,色度可降到10度,处理后的水可达到广州市的废水处理排放标准,并可回收再利用。 相似文献
59.
我国汽车尾气污染现状及净化催化剂的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了我国汽车尾气污染的现状及危害,着重阐述了汽车尾气催化剂的研究发展,提出了我国汽车尾气污染控制技术的发展方向。 相似文献
60.
Characteristic levels of heavy metals in soil profiles of automobile mechanic waste dumps in Nigeria
The characteristic levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) of soil profiles of automobile mechanic waste dumps
were studied. The concentration of heavy metals decreased with the depth of the profile and lateral distance from the dumpsites.
The levels found in this study exceeded background concentrations and limits for agricultural and residential purposes. The
distribution pattern of heavy metals in the soil profiles were in the following order Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr. The mechanic
waste dumps represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to environment. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these
soil profiles constitute a serious threat to both surface and groundwater. 相似文献