大气气溶胶酸式硫酸盐的FTIR研究

在详细分析了硫酸盐和酸式硫酸盐的红外光谱特征的基础上,利用傅利叶变换红外光谱仪,ＫＢｒ压片的制样方式,选择７５０－５００ｃｍ＾－１作为定量范围,对１９９４年春,夏、冬和１９９５年春季北京中关村地区气溶胶样品中的ＳＯ４＾２－和ＨＳＯ４＾－进行了定量测定,ＳＯ４＾２－和ＨＳＯ４＾－在大气中的含量分别为２．５６至６０．４μｇ＝ｍ＾３和未检出至５．７μｇ／ｍ＾３,从而建立了直接测定大气气溶胶中酸式硫酸盐的     

分光光度法测定大气气溶胶中铬

研究采用分光光度法测定大气气溶胶中铬,测定波长为540nm.铬浓度在0.05 μ g/50mL～10μg/50mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,大气气溶胶中铬的检出浓度为2.2×10-4 μg·m-3.当铬的浓度为0.07 μ g/50mL时,方法的相对标准偏差为12%(n=3),加标回收率为79%～113%.     

基于M-估计测定高氯化工废水CODCr

通过对照试验证明氯气校正可以去除高氯离子对CODCr测定的干扰。事实上,对于特定的高氯废水,实验发现CODCr与实际样品的Cl-含量相关。氯气校正测定的CODCr可用国标方法测定的CODCr和Cl-含量表示。分别以M估计和最小二乘建立了校准方程。进而,实验结果对于存在个别异常值的体系前者相对后者有所改善。     

HILIC/LC-MS直接分离测定大气颗粒物中的15种有机胺

本文建立了一种基于亲水作用液相色谱柱(HILIC)和液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)的大气颗粒物有机胺的直接测定方法。颗粒物样品经甲醇提取、富集、浓缩后,对不同色谱柱与分析条件进行测试、对比,发现HILIC色谱柱可有效分离有机胺类化合物,高浓度以及低pH值的缓冲溶液可缩短大部分有机胺的保留时间,而流动相中有机相比例增加会延长保留时间。优化的HILIC/LC-MS分析方法可同时测定11种脂肪胺、2种脂环胺、1种芳香胺及1种醇胺,结合内标的有机胺标准曲线的线性相关系数R²为0.991—0.999。本方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.59—75.46 ng·mL^-1,加标回收率为59%—92%,具有较高的精密度。该方法初步应用于青岛冬季大气细颗粒物样品中有机胺的测定,为大气有机胺的深入研究提供了方法参考与技术支撑。     

阳极溶出伏安法直接测定含微藻胞外产物海水中的Zn(Ⅱ)

研究了一种简单快速的直接测定含微藻胞外分泌产物海水中Zn(II)的方法。将含微藻胞外产物的海水样品用(1 1)HNO3酸化后,用阳极溶出伏安法直接测定其中Zn(II)的含量,溶出时加入0.1 mol.L-1HAc-0.3 mol.L-1NaAc缓冲溶液调节溶液的pH值4.5左右,以消除H 释放电流对溶出峰的影响。结果表明,对含3种藻类4个样品的5次平行测定的相对标准偏差为3.9%~7.5%,回收率为95.3%~107.8%,与消解后的测定结果无显著差别。在Zn(II)含量0~2.0 mg.L-1范围内,峰电流仍有很好的线性响应。     

垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二噁英的测定

采用标准采样分析方法,对垃圾焚烧炉烟气样品中的二喃英进行取样、提纯和HRGC/HRMS分析,对样品中4～8个氯取代的二噁英取得定量结果。      

COD快速测定法

以用时30min的半微量密闭微波消解法取代COD国标测定中的重铬酸钾回流法,改进后的方法精密度小于5．15％,准确度达到102％,COD测定下限为51mg／L。该法节省时间、取样量少、成本低,适用于大批量水样的快速测定。     

吹扫—捕集/气相色谱法测定水中挥发性卤代烃

建立了吹扫—捕集 /气相色谱 /电子捕获检测器联用测定水中 5种挥发性卤代烃分析方法 ,且按国家水质分析标准方法 (GB/T 1 71 3 0 -1 997)所确定的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三溴甲烷 5种挥发性卤代烃进行实验 ,采用 Supelcoport担体层析柱对去离子水处理 ,所获得的纯水无色谱干扰峰 ,本法按国家水质分析标准方法列出的 5种挥发性卤代烃进行测定在国内尚未见报导。当纯水的进样体积为 5 .0 ml时 ,其最低检出浓度为 1× 1 0 - 2～ 6× 1 0 - 4(μg/L)之间 ;相对误差在 1 .1 %～ 2 .4%之间 ;加标回收率在 82 .5 %～ 1 0 8%之间 ;相关系数在 0 .9980～ 0 .9999之间。可快速、高灵敏度、简便、准确、精密地测定水中 5种挥发性卤代烃 ,本法适用于饮用水和地表水中挥发性卤代烃的测定     

利用LZF－1DNA指纹探针进行家系的父权鉴定

ＬＺＦ－１ＤＮＡ指纹探针经同位素γ－３２Ｐ－ＡＴＰ标记后，检测了４个家系１３个个体血样的ＤＮＡ指纹．结果表明，父母的遗传物质在子代中的传递符合孟德尔遗传规律，无误地确定了４个家系中的亲子血缘关系．ＬＺＦ－１ＤＮＡ指纹探针在亲权鉴定中的父权概率是０．９９９６４，达到了父权认定的目的     

Genetic influence on caste in the ant Camponotus consobrinus

Genetic influences on polyethism within social insect colonies are well known, suggesting that the determination of caste (soldiers and minor workers) may also be genetically mediated. The Australian sugar ant Camponotus consobrinus is suitable for such a study, having soldiers and minor workers that follow a complex allometry. Further, although most C. consobrinus colonies are monogynous, 13 of 42 surveyed using microsatellites were found to be polygynous. Thus, although a minority of colonies were polygynous, the great majority of queens live in polygynous colonies. From the 29 monogynous colonies studied, we inferred that the queens are monandrous. Ants from four polygynous colonies were assigned to families on the basis of microsatellite genotypes, after measurements had been taken of head width and scape length. These measurements reflect a complex allometry interpretable as soldier and minor worker growth curves with a large changeover zone. Genetic influence on caste determination was examined by testing for differences between families within colonies in the distribution of scape lengths, residuals from the overall colony allometric curve, and proportions of soldiers and minor workers (as determined by head width falling above or below the inflection point of the overall colony allometric curve). Families in all four colonies differed significantly in caste proportions and in head-width distributions, and three of the four colonies showed significant differences between families in residuals from the overall colony growth curve. Nested ANOVAs using head widths and scape-length residuals showed that when the effect of family is removed, intercolony differences in allometry are negligible. This evidence indicates genetic rather than environmental causes for the observed differences between families. We speculate that this variation may reflect some selective advantage to within-colony heterogeneity between families or that selective differences are few between a wide array of family growth patterns. Received: 16 June 1999 / Received after revision: 13 September 1999 / Accepted: 25 September 1999