Removal of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by marine green alga Ulva lactuca

Biosorption of colours is an important technology for treatment of different types of industrial wastewaters containing dyes. The objective of this study was to convert green alga Ulva lactuca to dye adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The importance of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for the biological treatment of synthetic basic blue 9 (5-ch1oro-N,N,N^',N^'-tetramethyl-5λ⁴-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine) effluents. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed the ability of the green algae to remove the basic blue 9, and this was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass. We investigated the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption, and the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption isotherm of basic blue 9 followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models with a correlation coefficient of ∼0.96-0.99, and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R²=1.0). The maximum adsorption capacity was about 40.2 mg of dye per gram of dry green algae at pH 10, 25 g l^-1 dye and 2.5 g l^-1 alga concentrations. This study demonstrated that the green algae could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater streams.     

煤矿环境地质灾害及其分类、环境效应和影响特点

煤矿环境地质灾害是煤矿区环境问题的主要发生源。作者根据灾害发生和持续的时间、动力作用方式对其进行了分类,并总结了煤矿环境地质灾害的效应和影响特点。     

Correlation of pmax and KSt to specific surface area and calorific value of a dust

The safety characteristics p_max and K_St of a flammable dust are usually determined in a closed apparatus (20 l- or 1 m³-vessel). The results are strongly influenced by the parameters of the apparatus (e.g. the volume, geometry, dispersion system). The aim of this project is to investigate whether there is a correlation between p_max and K_St on the one hand and the calorific value H_S and the specific surface area S_m of the dust on the other. In an experimental study, around 200 dust samples from different sectors of industry will be analysed. The analysis of around 102 dusts shows that the correlation may be described by a logarithmic function. Owing to differences in reaction mechanism it is reasonable to formulate different functions for different substance groups (e.g. metals, organic materials). This may lead to an algorithm which can predict p_max and K_St from H_S and S_m within a defined range of error.     

Adsorption of basic dyes onto MCM-41

The adsorption of two basic dyes, Basic Green 5 (BG5) and Basic Violet 10 (BV10), onto MCM-41 was studied to examine the possible effect of interactions between large adsorbates and MCM-41 on the pore structure stability of MCM-41 and the potential of MCM-41 for the removal of basic dyes from wastewater. The revolutions of surface characteristics and pore structure of MCM-41 induced by dyes adsorption were characterized based on the analyses of the nitrogen isotherms, the XRD patterns, and the FTIR spectra. It was experimentally concluded that when the effect of interactions between large dyes (such as BV10) and MCM-41 on the pore structure stability of MCM-41 was insignificant, MCM-41 might be a good adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from wastewater. The adsorption of BV10 on MCM-41 with respect to contact time, pH, and temperature was then measured to provide more information about the adsorption characteristics of MCM-41. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was used to describe the kinetic data, from which some adsorption thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated.     

基于混沌理论的企业危机管理研究

企业的有效运行和发展历程中都不可避免会面临不同程度的危机,揭示其危机成因,回避危机、化解风险十分重要。企业危机是一个复杂的非线性的能量耗散系统,具有类似混沌的本质特征。笔者运用混沌理论,从“消极、失误、弊病”角度研究企业危机现象,着重探讨企业危机的混沌特征及其发生动因,并提出危机的混沌理论管理原则。针对企业实际,给出控制危机混沌发生,改变危机系统的动态行为,以化解或转化危机的5种对策及方法,实现企业可持续发展。     

乌鲁木齐市水磨河水环境污染特征及成因分析

旨在调查水磨河的污染状况及成因,对水磨河1986-2003年间的水环境质量监测数据和主要污染物的时空分布特征进行了分析,并对水磨河水环境容量进行了估算.采用综合污染指数法将水磨河4个监测断面每个年份的水环境质量进行等级划分.结果表明,水磨河的水污染主要表现为线污染,从上游至下游,水质污染程度逐渐加大,污染程度非常严重,水磨河的调控治理已是当务之急.     

武汉市外部空间形态分形特征演变规律研究

城市外部空间形态是城市空间要素自组织演变的外在表现,合理的外部空间形态有利于城市组成要素及其资源环境的稳定发展。空间形态的分维数在不同时间尺度上有其发展演变的规律,分维数的变化与人类活动有着密切的关系。以武汉市建国以来不同时段的城市外部形态为例,在GIS环境下研究外部形态信息图谱,提取各时期的分维数和人口、面积的统计数据,经拟合发现城市规模与外部形态分维数有密切的函数关系,并在此基础上建立“形态描述函数”,提出在城市发展时期,分维数可作为城市面积和人口规模的指示器,来预测城市空间扩展和演变的程度,以及利用分维数与社会经济因素的相关关系可以深入分析城市空间形态的发展机理。     

长江三角洲区域经济发展的新趋向

论述了长江三角洲区域经济发展的四大新趋向,即①从行政区经济到都市圈经济。行政区经济与都市圈经济在运行环境、运行机制、运行目标、运行方式、调控手段等方面存在显著差别,都市圈经济发展模式更适应区域经济一体化发展需要;②从隔江单侧发展到跨江双侧协同发展。如上海、苏南和杭州,都在大力推进跨江发展战略;③从外向型经济或民营经济到两者融合的区域特色经济。经济国际化和民营化相互结合、外地资本和本地资本相互渗透已成为该区域经济发展的重要特色;④从权力型政府到服务型政府。如上海的“服务高地”、苏南的理性执政、浙江的“无为而治”等。     

矿区疏干诱发岩溶塌陷特征分析及预测

针对某矿山疏干诱发岩溶塌陷的现状,分析其塌陷分布特征。提出6个影响塌陷的控制参数。采用相关分析方法量化各控制参数对塌陷的影响。相关性分析结果表明,塌陷的主要影响因素是第4系土层厚度、水位变幅及岩溶含水层渗透系数,其中岩溶含水层渗透系数对塌陷的影响最显著。应用Logistic回归方法,建立岩溶塌陷预测模型。划分出矿区塌陷危险区的具体空间位置,共有3个区域:高危区(渗透系数大于5 m/d);危险区(渗透系数为2.5～5 m/d);活跃区(渗透系数小于2.5 m/d)。     

热重实验条件下不同氧气浓度对煤自燃反应能级的实验研究

为研究不同氧气浓度对煤自燃反应能级的影响,基于热重实验分别得到6个不同氧气浓度下的煤自燃特征温度点,通过计算不同阶段内煤自燃的反应动力学参数分析氧气浓度与煤自燃反应能级关系。实验结果表明:n≠1时,氧气浓度对煤自燃反应能级(n)的影响在不同温度段内的影响不同;氧气浓度与T1,T2,T3特征温度点的关系曲线变化趋势不明显,T4~T8温度点与氧浓度的关系呈现先增大后减小的趋势。