长江河源水环境理化特征分析

本文摘要介绍了长江源区包括沱沱河在内的４条主要河流中水环境理化特征的分析结果。     

马鞍山市酸雨污染分析及控制对策研究

从马鞍山市降水常规监测数据资料入手 ,比较详细地分析了该市酸雨时空分布特征、原因以及降水酸度和酸雨频率年度变化情况 ,并结合马鞍山市有关环境资料对该市酸雨发展趋势作了较深的分析 ,也对酸雨污染控制对策作了一定的研究探讨。研究结果表明 ,该市存在酸雨污染问题 ,上半年比下半年污染重 ,主要集中在一中点 ,二氧化硫是影响降水酸度的主要因素 ,酸雨类型以硫酸型为主。随着经济发展 ,酸雨污染有扩大趋势 ,必须采取果断措施进行治理。     

Experimental and simulation studies on the influence of carbon monoxide on explosion characteristics of methane

In underground coal mining, methane explosions often can cause tremendous disasters. In the meantime, carbon monoxide (CO), generated during the process of coal oxidation, may appear in the air. Therefore, the explosion characteristics of the mixture of CH₄ and CO must be investigated to prevent gas explosion accidents in coal mines. We conducted experiments by using a 20-L nearly spherical gas explosion testing device. The software FLACS was used to simulate the explosion of the mixture of CH₄ and CO at various mixing concentrations, and the simulation results corresponded to experimental results. With the increase of CO concentration, both upper and lower explosive limits of CH₄ decreased. On the whole, the explosion characteristic parameters of CH₄ and the mixture are similar. When CH₄ concentration was below the stoichiometric concentration, the addition of CO could promote the intensity of gas explosion; oppositely, excessive CO would inhibit the gas explosion reaction. The inhibitory effects become more significant as the concentration of CH₄ increases.     

蒽醌染料及中间体脱色优势菌的特性研究和基因定位

本文对分离到的两株蒽醌染料脱色优势菌的脱色能力及其基因定位进行了研究,结果表明,ＮＤ１,ＮＤ２均能有效脱除活性艳蓝ＫＮ－Ｒ及溴氨酸的色度;两株优势菌均含有质粒,其降解染料的能力是由质粒控制的;并考察了不同碳源、氧、温度、ｐＨ值等理化因素对菌株降解染料的影响。     

用流动电流技术研究聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的电动特性

采用流动电流（SC）技术,研究比较了聚硅氯化铝（PASC）与聚合氯化铝（PAC）的电动特性．研究结果表明,在PASC中,由于带负电荷的聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,使得PASC的电中和能力较PAC有所下降,其下降程度与PASC的碱化度（B）和Al/Si摩尔比密切相关,B值和Al/Si摩尔比越小,则PASC的电中和能力就越弱．制备工艺对PASC的电中和能力略有影响.     

大气环境腐蚀性因素的相关性

通过相关性数据处理和模糊聚类分析,发现影响大气环境腐蚀性的21种环境因素在相关系数大于0.54的情况下,可明显地聚为5类在此基础上,进一步通过对逐个因素的分类能力的特征评价,选取大气环境腐蚀性的主要因素（RH＞80％时数,SO₂沉积速度,水溶性尘降,Cl^－沉积速度,NO₂浓度）,进而在特征空间中进行镀锌层样本的大气环境腐蚀性预测和考评,为今后实现我国大气环境腐蚀性等级评判提供依据．     

河岸带中荆三棱的生长特性及其腐烂规律研究

为了了解在河岸带生态恢复中植物的生长及其作用,在中试规模上对河岸带中的荆三棱进行了1 a研究.荆三棱在不同水深区域的生长高度与密度表明荆三棱对水深的耐受性不强,更适合于在浅水域生长.秋季收割与不收割的对比表明秋季收割有利于荆三棱第2年的生长与发芽.荆三棱生物量及其中的N、P在地上、地下的分布表明地下荆三棱的生物量比地上多大约55％,地下荆三棱生物固定的N、P总量分别大约比地上荆三棱生物固定的N、P总量多50％和126％.在河岸带通过收割荆三棱可以分别带走荆三棱所固定的全部N、P的40.5％和30.6％.地上荆三棱经过130 d的浸泡,其重量损失率有27.10%, TN、TP的损失分别为40.80%和76.80%.浸泡植物释放出的污染物基本没有积累现象.     

底物初始浓度对光合细菌产氢动力学特性的影响

实验研究了底物初始浓度对光合细菌产氢动力学特性的影响,并对光合细菌产氢得率和初始底物转化为氢气得率进行比较,分析底物初始浓度对光合细菌产氢代谢的影响,实验发现底物初始浓度为120 mmol/L时最适合光合细菌的产氢代谢,底物初始浓度达到140 mmol/L时,光合细菌主要进行生物量合成和产酸代谢,得到各浓度梯度下的最大生物量,但对产氢代谢产生抑制作用,表明最大生物量与最大的产氢能力之间不成正比关系及光合细菌产生CO2机制与产氢机制不同;光合细菌最大比产氢活性表现在对数生长期,最大生物量出现在稳定期。实验证明,光合细菌对数生长期受底物浓度影响大,底物浓度低,最大生物量所对应的时间相对较早,底物浓度增大,最大生物量所对应的时间相对延后。     

Bioaccumulative characteristics of hexabromocyclododecanes in freshwater species from an electronic waste recycling area in China

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are now emerging ubiquitous contaminants due to their wide usage, persistence and toxicities. To investigate the bioaccumulative characteristics of HBCDs, sediments, Winkle (Littorina littorea), crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were collected from two streams near an E-waste dismantling site in China, and HBCD exposure test was then conducted on Chinese rare minnow. The concentration of HBCDs was 14 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in sediments, 186, 377 and 1791 ng g⁻¹ lipid weight in winkle, crucian carp and loach, respectively. γ-HBCD was found to be the dominant diastereoisomer in the sediments (63% of total HBCDs). However, α-HBCD was selectively accumulated in the biotic samples and contributed to 77%, 63% and 63% of total HBCDs in winkle, crucian carp and loach, respectively. Moreover, an enrichment of (−)-enantiomers of α- and γ-HBCD were found in the winkle. The reverse results were observed in the crucian carp and loach. Similar observations of diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric composition were obtained in Chinese rare minnow with those found in the crucian carp and loach. These results indicate that the freshwater species from the streams are contaminated by HBCDs. α-HBCD can be selectively accumulated in organisms and the accumulative characteristics are enantioselective among species.     

Strength and workability of masonry mortars manufactured with ladle furnace slag

Ladle furnace basic slag (LFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking process. It has rarely been recovered in the past and is usually disposed of in landfill sites. Despite containing stable chemical substances of great quality, some of which are potentially hydraulic, its practical applications have been limited. This paper discusses the attractive option of using LFS in the manufacture of masonry mortars for use in the construction industry, which requires an analysis of the principal characteristics of such mortars, i.e. workability and mechanical strength. It reports on a comparative study, using standard commercial admixtures, between conventional masonry mortars and mortars manufactured with LFS as a partial replacement for sand and cement, the results of which imply considerable economic savings in sand and cement, improvements in the properties of the mortars and in overall sustainability, by avoiding disposal and conserving natural resources.