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排序方式: 共有344条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
301.
Ling Huang Syed Bilal Shah Haiyang Hu Ping Xu Hongzhi Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):11
302.
303.
A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This strain could grow on pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5%of 100 mg/L pendimethalin within 2.5 days in batch liquid culture,demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains.Three metabolic products,6-aminopendimethalin,5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid,and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid,were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed.A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of pendimethalin to 6-aminopendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3.The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH).The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30℃ and 7.5,respectively.Hg~(2+),Ni~(2+),Pb~(2+),Co~(2+),Mn~(2+) Cu~(2+),Ag~+,and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity,whereas Fe~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Ca~(2+) enhanced it.This study provides an efficient pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of pendimethalin. 相似文献
304.
305.
Michael Fahrbach 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2572-2581
The transformation of the androgenic steroid testosterone by gammaproteobacterium Steroidobacter denitrificans was studied under denitrifying conditions. For the first time, growth experiments showed that testosterone was mineralized under consumption of nitrate and concurrent biomass production. Experiments with cell suspensions using [4-14C]-testosterone revealed the intermediate production of several transformation products (TPs). Characterisation of ten TPs was carried out by means of HPLC coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one (trans-androsterone) was formed in the highest amount followed by 5α-androstan-3,17-dione. The data suggests that several dehydrogenation and hydrogenation processes take place concurrently in ring A and D because no consistent time-resolved pattern of TP peaks was observed and assays using 2 TPs as substrates resulted in essentially the same TPs. The further transformation of testosterone in S. denitrificans seems to be very efficient and fast without formation of detectable intermediates. 相似文献
306.
Shaw Y. Yuan Yi Y. Lin Bea V. Chang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):419-425
This study investigated the biodegradation of the phthalate esters (PAEs) di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in sludge and sludge-amended soil. DBP (100 mg kg?1) and DEHP (100 mg kg?1) were added to sewage sludge, which was subsequently added to soil. The results showed that sewage sludge can degrade PAEs and the addition of sewage sludge to soil enhanced PAE degradation. Sludge samples were separated into fractions with various particle size ranges, which spanned 0.1–0.45 μm to 500–2000 μm. The sludge fractions with smaller particle sizes demonstrated higher PAE degradation rates. However, when the different sludge fractions were added to soil, particle size had no significant effect on the rate of PAE degradation. The results from this study showed that microbial strains F4 (Rhodococcus sp.) and F8 (Microbacterium sp.) were constantly dominant in the mixtures of soil and sludge. 相似文献
307.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):301-316
Performance of mixed microbial anaerobic culture in treating synthetic wastewater with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and varying atrazine concentration was studied. Performance of hybrid reactors with wood charcoal as adsorbent, with a dose of 10 g/l and 40 g/l, along with the microbial mass was also studied. All the reactors were operated in sequential mode with Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 5 days. In all the cases, COD removal after 5 days was found to be above 81%. Initial COD was above 1000 mg/l. From a hybrid reactor COD removal after 2 days was observed to be 90%. Atrazine reduction after 5 days by microbial mass alone was 43.8%, 40% and 33.2% with an initial concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l respectively. MLSS on all the cases were almost same. Increasing MLSS concentration by about 2 fold did not increase the atrazine removal efficiency significantly. Maximum atrazine removal was observed to be 64% from the hybrid reactor with 10 g/l of wood charcoal and 69.4% from the reactor with 40 g/l of wood charcoal. Atrazine removal from the hybrid reactors after 15 days were observed to be 35.7% and 38.7%, which showed that the higher dose of wood charcoal in hybrid reactor did not improve the atrazine removal efficiency significantly. Specific methanogenic activity test showed no inhibitory effect of atrazine on methane producing bacteria. The performance of anaerobic microorganisms in removing atrazine with no external carbon source and inorganic nitrogen source was studied in batch mode. With an initial concentration of 1.0 mg/l, reduction of atrazine by the anaerobic microorganisms in absence of external carbon source after 35 days was observed to be 61.8% where as in absence of external carbon and inorganic nitrogen source the reduction was only 44.2% after 150 days. Volatilization loss of atrazine was observed to be insignificant. 相似文献
308.
R. J. Larson E. A. Bookland R. T. Williams K. M. Yocom D. A. Saucy M. B. Freeman G. Swift 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(1):41-48
The biodegradability (mineralization to carbon dioxide) of acrylic acid oligomers and polymers was studied in activated sludge
obtained from continuous-flow activated sludge (CAS) systems exposed to mixtures of low molecular weight (Mw < 8000) poly(acrylic
acid)s and other watesoluble polymers [poly(ethylene glycol)s] in influent wastewater. Dilute preparations of activated sludge
from the CAS units were tested for their ability to mineralize acrylic acid monomer and dimer, as well as a series of model
acrylic acid oligomers and polymers (Mw 500, 700, 1000, 2000, and 4500), as sole carbon and energy sources. Complete mineralization
of acrylic acid monomer and dimer was observed in low-biomass sludge preparations previously exposed to the polymer mixture,
based on carbon dioxide production and residual dissolved organic carbon analyses. Extensive (though incomplete) degradation
was also observed for the low molecular weight acrylic acid oligomers (Mw 500 and 700), but degradation dropped off sharply
for the 1000, 2000, and 4500 Mw polymers. Radiochemical (14C) data also confirmed the low degradation potential of the 1000, 2000, and 4500 Mw materials. Degradation of two commercial
poly(ethylene glycol)s at 1000 and 3400 Mw was complete and comparable to that of the acrylic acid monomer and dimer. Our
results indicate that mixed populations of activated sludge microorganisms can extensively metabolize acrylic acid oligomers
of seven units or less. Complete mineralization, however, could be confirmed only for the monomer and dimer material, and
carbon mass balance data suggested that the true molecular weight cutoff for complete biodegradation was significantly less
than the 500–700 Mw range tested. 相似文献
309.
底泥中多环芳烃的处理技术进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
底泥中多环芳烃(PAHs)的处理方法主要有物化处理和生物处理。物化处理方法有湿式空气氧化、溶剂浸提、热解吸等;生物处理有好氧处理和厌氧处理。物化处理速度快、效果明显,但能耗高、投资大;生物处理方法虽然能耗低,但速度慢、降解率较低。实际运用中宜发展物化和生物的组合工艺。 相似文献
310.
Two approaches were used to investigate the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) and substrate availability on the formation and dynamics of "bioactive zones" in a water-saturated porous medium. A bioactive zone is defined as a region where a microbial community is sufficiently active to metabolize bioavailable substrates. In the first approach, microbial activity was characterized by monitoring the spatial and temporal variability of DO and aqueous substrate (salicylate and naphthalene) concentrations during miscible-displacement experiments. In the second approach, microbial activity was monitored using multiple fiber optics emplaced in the porous medium to detect luminescence produced by Pseudomonas putida RB1353, a bioluminescent reporter organism that produces light when salicylate (an intermediate of naphthalene degradation) is present. The results of both approaches show that the location and size of the bioactive zones were influenced by in situ DO and substrate availability. When DO was not a limiting factor (i.e., lower substrate input concentrations), the bioactive zone encompassed the entire column, with the majority of the microbial activity occurring between the inlet and midpoint. However, as the availability of DO became limiting for the higher substrate input experiments, the size of the bioactive zone shrank and was ultimately limited to the proximity of the column inlet. 相似文献