焙烧态镁铝水滑石处理阴离子染料废水研究

采用传统过饱和双滴法合成出Mg/Al为3的碳酸根型水滑石(LDH),经500℃高温煅烧制备出焙烧产物(CLDH),用x-射线、红外光谱和电镜对它们进行了表征。分别考察了焙烧温度、反应时间、pH、投加量、反应温度和初始浓度等因素对焙烧态水滑石吸附酸性铬蓝K模拟废水效果的影响。结果表明,对于100mg/L的铬蓝K溶液,500℃焙烧态水滑石,投加量为0.06g,在pH=3.5左右,室温下反应1h,去除率最高可达98%以上。四次回收重复利用的CLDH对铬蓝K的去除率仍为90%以上,CLDH是一种良好的环保吸附材料。     

改进Fenton体系处理蒽醌染料的研究

以活性艳蓝KN-R作为研究对象,用UV/Fenton和solar/Fenton/草酸(H2C O4)体系对其进行处理,对反应体系的影响因素作综合的评价.得到处理蒽醌染料废水的最佳条件:dye(活性艳蓝KN-R):Fe2 :H2O2:H2C2O4为5:1:15:1.5,pH为3.0,反应时间为40 min.在最佳条件下,solar/Fenton/H2C2O4体系脱色率达到100%,COD和TOC去除率分别达到87%和66%以上.改进的Fenton方法能使难降解有机染料迅速脱色,矿化程度较高.并对此体系处理活性艳蓝KN-R废水的脱色过程进行动力学模拟,得到此反应为拟一级反应.     

东湖“赤潮”的成因分析及发展趋势

2003年3月下旬东湖水质发生了异常现象,为找到水质明显变化的原因,武汉市环境监测中心站通过及时布点取样分析,监测分析水中的生物群落结构,确认东湖发生了"赤潮",并找出了污染源头。通过跟踪监测,了解多甲藻的变化趋势,并提出对涉及外来物种等海洋馆类建设项目的强化管理的建议。     

Absence of status signalling by structurally based ultraviolet plumage in wintering blue tits (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyanistes caeruleus</Emphasis>)

Structurally based ultraviolet (UV)-reflective plumage parts can be important cues in mate choice. However, it remains largely unknown if UV plumage variation can also function as a signal of social status during competitive interactions. In blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), the UV-reflective crown plumage functions as a female mate choice cue that probably indicates male quality, as males with higher UV reflectance have been shown to have better chances of over-winter survival. Possibly, the UV crown plumage acts as a status signal in the competition over scarce food sources during winter. To test this idea, we related dominance of individuals at an artificial food source during adverse winter conditions to spectrophotometric measurements of their crown plumage. However, while controlling for the confounding effects of sex, age, and distance from territory, we found no significant effect of crown UV reflectance on dominance. Consistent with this result, we also found no relation between crown UV reflectance and over-winter survival. We conclude that the structurally based UV reflectance of the blue tit crown feathers plays little role in competition between individuals during winter despite its importance as a cue in mate choice.     

青霉菌对活性艳蓝 KN-R的吸附作用

研究了青霉菌(Penicillium X5)对活性艳蓝KN—R的吸附作用．通过对培养液的波谱分析和宏观现象的观察，结果表明，在72h内，脱色是由吸附引起的．当染料的浓度为100mg/L时，活菌体对染料的吸附率可达88．66％．本实验还研究了对实际应用和吸附过程有影响的几个因素，包括葡萄糖、NaCl、温度和pH.结果表明：葡萄糖浓度在0-20g／L时，随着葡萄糖浓度的增加，菌体的干重相应增加，说明对活性艳蓝KN—R的吸附具有促进作用，但浓度在10-20g／L时，吸附作用不显著；而随着NaCl浓度(0-2％)的增加，吸附率却显著降低．最佳脱色温度为25℃，pH为4．0．活菌体与死菌体的生物吸附均符合Langmuir方程，活菌体比死菌体具有更好的吸附性能．吸附在菌丝体上的染料可以用甲酵进行洗脱，菌丝球在下次使用前用蒸馏水冲洗至pH中性，此菌丝球可重复使用3次．固8表2参11     

Treatment of methylene blue-containing wastewater using microorganisms supported on granular activated carbon under packed column operation

We studied the feasibility of using biological granular activated carbon-packed column in treating methylene blue-containing wastewater. The granular activated carbon with immobilized microbes was packed into a column and fed with 3 liter methylene blue-containing wastewater daily. With initial 1350 mg/l of methylene blue and 1550 mg/l of chemical oxygen demand, it was observed that the colour and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies were 99 and 78%, respectively. The high treatment performance of the system could be due to the simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes and advantages of immobilized microbes compare to suspended cell system.     

Cadmium accumulation and Cd-binding proteins in marine invertebrates--a radiotracer study

Tissue and subcellular accumulation of cadmium were studied in different tissues of three marine invertebrates (blue mussel Mytilus edulis, the tunicate Ciona intestinalis and the sea star Asterias rubens) using radioactive ¹⁰⁹Cd as a tracer. The organisms were exposed to 0.05, 2 and 50 μg Cd l⁻¹ for 21 days. Quantitative data were obtained by dissecting, weighing and subsequently measuring radioactivity in organs and tissues. Differences between each exposure and each tissue with regard to the amount of radioactivity and metallothionein (MT) content were evaluated. Obvious interspecies differences in Cd accumulation were observed, as well as differences between tissues of the three species. The highest concentrations of Cd in all exposure treatments were found in the hepatopancreas of M. edulis and body wall of A. rubens. Taking all treatments into account, Cd accumulation in the tunic of C. intestinalis was high compared to other tissues from this species. Over 60% of Cd was present in the S50 fraction in all treatments in all three species. Metallothionein levels were increased at the highest Cd-exposure in all species and tissues, except in branchial pharynx of C. intestinalis where the highest MT level was reached following exposure to 2 μg Cd l⁻¹. The most surprising finding was that even the lowest Cd exposure concentration (0.05 μg Cd l⁻¹) caused MT induction in pyloric caeca of A. rubens, but there was no dose-dependent increase in MT at higher exposure levels.     

杞麓湖水体藻量和透明度变化分析

近几年监测表明，杞麓湖水体中藻量减少，透明度增加，说明藻量变化对透明度影响极大。藻类繁殖。水体色素增加，透明度降低；藻类死亡，色素分解，水体透明度递增。     

Shades of blue: what do competing interpretations of the Blue Economy mean for oceans governance?

The ‘Blue Economy’ is an increasingly popular term in modern marine and ocean governance. The concept seeks to marry ocean-based development opportunities with environmental stewardship and protection. Yet different actors are co-opting this term in competing, and often conflicting ways. Four conceptual interpretations of the Blue Economy are identified, through examination of dominant discourses within international Blue Economy policy documents and key ‘grey’ literature. The way the Blue Economy is enacted is also examined, through an analysis of the Blue Economy ‘in practice’, and the actors involved. Finally, the scope of the Blue Economy is explored, with a particular focus on which particular marine industries are included or excluded from different conceptualizations. This analysis reveals areas of both consensus and conflict. Areas of consensus reflect the growing trend towards commodification and valuation of nature, the designation and delimitation of spatial boundaries in the oceans and increasing securitization of the world's oceans. Areas of conflict exist most notably around a divergence in opinions over the legitimacy of individual sectors as components of the ‘Blue Economy’, in particular, carbon-intensive industries like oil and gas, and the emerging industry of deep seabed mining.     

Photooxidative removal of the herbicide Acid Blue 9 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide: modeling of the reaction for evaluation of electrical energy per order (EEO)

The present work deals with photooxidative removal of the herbicide, Acid Blue 9 (AB9), in water in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) under UV light illumination (30 W). The influence of the basic operational parameters such as amount of H₂O₂, irradiation time and initial concentration of AB9 on the photodegradation efficiency of the herbicide was investigated. The degradation rate of AB9 was not appreciably high when the photolysis was carried out in the absence of H₂O₂ and it was negligible in the absence of UV light. The photooxidative removal of the herbicide was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetic, and hence the figure-of-merit electrical energy per order (E_Eo) was considered appropriate for estimating the electrical energy efficiency. A mathematical relation between the apparent reaction rate constant and H₂O₂ used was applied for prediction of the electricity consumption in the photooxidative removal of AB9. The results indicated that this kinetic model, based on the initial rates of degradation, provided good prediction of the E_Eo values for a variety of conditions. The results also indicated that the UV/H₂O₂ process was appropriate as the effective treatment method for removal of AB9 from the contaminated wastewater.