宿州市护城河沉积物重金属污染程度及来源分析

在对宿州市护城河沉积物12个采样点重金属含量测试的基础上,运用沉积物富集系数法和内梅罗指数法对该水域沉积物中V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As及Pb 7种重金属污染程度进行分析,并运用聚类分析法和因子分析法对重金属来源进行识别.结果表明:Cu和Zn处于较强污染状态,Ni、As和Pb处于中等污染状态,Cr处于轻微至中等污染状态,V处于无污染状态;护城河沉积物12个采样点7种重金属的综合污染程度由大到小依次为H7、H10、H3、H9、H1、H11、H6、H5、H12、H8、H2和H4,其中位于工业区附近的H7点污染程度最高,而位于居民区和护城河汇流处附近的H4点最低;聚类分析将7种重金属分为Ⅰ类(Cu、Zn、As和Pb)、Ⅱ类(Cr和Ni)和Ⅲ类(V),每类元素自身具有相似的地球化学过程;旋转成分矩阵后的因子分析从重金属元素变量中提取出3个主成分(PC1、PC2和PC3),与聚类分析结果相对应,可解释总变量的90.97％.PCI(Cu、Zn、As和Pb)表示交通运输和煤炭工业污染,PC2(Cr和Ni)表示机械制造业,PC3(V)表示自然作用.     

Structural equation model of the influence of noise annoyance on miners’ unsafe behavior in coal mines

Miners' unsafe behavior (UB) is the main cause of coal mine accidents. Previous research has suggested that excessive noise in tunnels impacts miners' temperaments and safe production behavior. To explore the influence of noise on UB, four different dimensions of noise annoyance were identified: cognitive, emotional, communication, and physical mechanism annoyance. The coal mine noise annoyance scale, miners' unsafe behavior intention (UBI) scale, and miners’ UB scale were developed according to different dimensions. In the first survey, a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed in the two coal mines, and 193 valid questionnaires were recovered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and invalid items were removed according to the analysis results to form the final scale. Then, 500 final scales were distributed in two Chinese coal mines, and 482 valid questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by collating the data of the second questionnaire. Based upon the structural equation model (SEM), the SEM of the influence of noise annoyance degree on UB and the path analysis with latent variable path analysis with the latent variables (PA-LVs) mediating model of the effect of UBI on UB were established, and the path coefficients with fitting data of the model were analyzed. The results indicated that the four dimensions of coal mine noise annoyance had a strong positive impact on UB, which was reduced by less noise annoyance. In addition, the Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating method among the four dimensions of noise annoyance, cognitive annoyance, emotional annoyance, with communication annoyance indirectly affecting UB through UBI. The research results provide theoretical support for reducing the UB of miners and improving coal mine safety levels.     

小煤柱巷道围岩变形的力学机理及演化过程研究

为研究小煤柱巷道围岩变形力学机理与演化过程,以石槽村矿某回风巷为研究对象,采用理论分析、FLAC3D数值模拟以及现场实测等方法,分析小煤柱条件下巷道围岩变形的主要影响因素以及表征特点。研究结果表明:侧压系数为巷道围岩变形的主控因素;侧压系数与巷道顶底板位移量呈正比关系,与两帮位移量呈反比关系;回风巷每次受采动影响时,变形可分为巷道稳定阶段、位移分化阶段以及位移加速变化阶段;围岩变形主要发生在一次采动影响时,此时巷道变形呈现明显的不对称,左右两帮的位移量差异明显,巷道的中心位置明显偏移。研究结果可为小煤柱巷道围岩支护提供技术参考。     

富油煤热解产物在粉砂介质中的吸附行为研究

富油煤原位热解产生的油、气等有机物会通过岩层的压裂缝进入含水层,产生一系列环境行为效应.为探究富油煤热解产物对地下水的影响,以陕北榆神府矿区富油煤与含水介质粉砂为研究对象,采用批量平衡试验,开展了粉砂对煤焦油不同组分的吸附动力学与吸附热力学研究.结果表明：粉砂对煤焦油中酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油、沥青的动力学吸附均符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附模型符合Freundlich方程,说明粉砂对5种组分的吸附为单分子层化学吸附;受富油煤热解焦油组分含量差异影响,粉砂对5种组分的吸附量表现为酚油<萘油<洗油<蒽油<沥青,其最大吸附量分别为0.4520、0.7926、1.9015、3.6336、11.8001 mg·g^-1,吸附量总和占煤焦油含量的68%~85%;随着温度的升高,粉砂对5种组分的吸附能力均有所减弱,表明升高温度不利于吸附行为的进行,且反应的ΔG⁰<0表明粉砂对5种组分的吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主且属于放热反应.     

民用煤排放PM2.5中碳组分与水溶性离子特征

研究4种典型民用煤燃烧排放PM_2.5中的碳组分以及水溶性离子含量特点,并通过PAM-OFR(潜在气溶胶质量-氧化流动反应器)模拟了大气老化过程(2d)对煤球与烟煤燃烧PM_2.5中碳组分与水溶性离子含量的变化影响。结果表明,烟煤燃放PM_2.5中碳组分含量最高,达到57.96%,其EC含量是其他煤种的4.3~9.6倍。民用煤燃烧产生PM_2.5中水溶性离子以Na⁺与SO₄^2-为主,其在总水溶性离子中占比合计约47%~76%。经历了大气老化试验后,煤球与烟煤燃烧排放PM_2.5中NH₄⁺和NO₃^-离子含量大幅增加,与之相比,TC占PM_2.5比例分别下降了12.03%与19.99%。     

黔西北煤矿煤层气的开发及其环保正效益

在综述煤层气对于煤矿安全生产以及环境危害的基础上,从保护环境、缓解能源紧张、延长煤层气的产业链、减少瓦斯危害等多个角度综合分析了煤层气开发所带来的巨大效益,并以黔西北煤矿为例,叙述了煤层气的资源量现状及其地质特征等基本情况。简述了目前我国煤层气的开发现状,并提出了四条增产措施,这些措施必将对推动贵州省经济与环境的可持续发展,加快贵州省工业强省步伐起到积极作用。     

Introduction: General versus specific measures and the special case of core self‐evaluations

This paper introduces a Journal of Organizational Behavior point/counterpoint exchange (this issue) that focuses on the appropriate level of aggregation primarily in the assessment of personality in general and core self‐evaluations (CSE) in particular. Gilad Chen reviews arguments for and against the higher‐order construct of CSE, offering a number of recommendations for strengthening it. Timothy Judge and John Kammeyer‐Mueller offer a defense of CSE, and then extend the discussion to the measurement of other constructs beyond the personality domain. Together these two papers provide important insights about the appropriate level of aggregation of individual measures, and situations in which higher‐order versus lower‐order measures might be preferred. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

煤炭开采行业清洁生产审核应选用指标探讨

在对铁法煤业集团所属6个煤矿的清洁生产审核工作基础上，从生产和管理的9个方面对煤炭的清洁生产指标进行了调查和分析，最后确立了38项清洁生产评估指标，并分别给出了权重和基准值。     

青岛港前湾一期煤系统环保设备运行效果监测与评价

通过对青岛港前湾一期煤系统环保设备除尘效果实地监测，分析论证了煤系统环保防污措施的实效性和可行性，为环保设备管理提供科学依据。     

厌氧生物滴滤法脱除冷煤气中硫化氢的研究

水煤气中硫化氢在燃烧时会转变成二氧化硫,对环境产生污染。文章采用厌氧生物滴滤塔法对冷煤气进行脱硫处理。因煤气对氧的严格限制,通过设计生物滴滤塔,经挂膜驯化后在厌氧条件下对浓度在1~5 g/m3左右的硫化氢进行脱除处理,考察滴滤塔运行条件对脱除效果的影响。结果表明,生物挂膜25 d后,生物滴滤塔达到稳定,喷淋液pH值为2.23,ORP值为283 mV,溶解氧为0.4 mg/L,对溶液中硫离子氧化效率达到94%。滴滤塔在液气比0.15,空塔气速0.088 m/s,pH值5.0~7.0,填料高度为82 cm,塔温为25~30℃左右时,达到较优的运行条件,此时该滴滤塔对以CO、CO2、H2和1 940 mg/m3H2S组成的模拟水煤气的脱硫效率达91.2%。