运用批实验研究溶解氧对米酒去除硝酸盐的影响

为了判别不同溶解氧条件下脱氮效果和碳的需求量,在水温为25~30℃条件下,设置了缺氧、微氧和有氧3种输入条件,以及C/N分别为2.0、1.5两种碳源投放量开展实验。研究表明:溶解氧的存在对反硝化作用的启动有延迟作用,但影响较小。溶解氧对于反硝化过程并没有产生明显的抑制作用,但在溶解氧较低的情况下,反硝化速率更为理想。缺氧条件下,C/N的适宜值应低于1.5;微氧条件下的C/N适宜值在1.5~2.0;而在有氧条件下C/N=2.0时可高效去除硝酸盐。该研究可为农村地区家庭自行去除饮用水中硝酸盐的实际应用提供参考。     

UV/H_2O_2对氯消毒副产物TCM、DCBM的去除影响因素研究

针对UV/H_2O_2对氯化消毒副产物三氯甲烷(TCM)和一溴二氯甲烷(DCBM)的去除效果及影响因素进行研究,结果表明UV/H_2O_2方法对TCM和DCBM去除效果的影响因素有过氧化氢(H_2O_2)投加量、紫外光照强度、反应p H值和反应物初始浓度。通过不同的反应条件得出:H_2O_2在一定投加量变化范围(10~35 mmol/L)内,随投加量的增加,TCM和DCBM的去除率均呈先上升后下降趋势,H_2O_2最佳投加量分别为25,20 mmol/L;增大紫外光照(UV)强度,TCM和DCBM的去除率均显著提高;随初始p H值的增大,去除率均呈先上升后下降趋势,p H值为7.0时,去除率达到最佳;TCM和DCBM反应初始浓度分别为150,160μg/L时,其去除率最高,在有效时间内去除率分别为95.88%、92.56%。     

Bioaccumulation and the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 genes in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) exposed to difenoconazole

This study was conducted to assess the effects of difenoconazole (DFZ), a triazole fungicide, on the hepatic biotransformation system and its bioaccumulation in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Fish were exposed to DFZ (1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/L) for 180 days. The results showed that: (1) The mRNA levels of hepatic CYP1A1, CYP1B, CYP1C1, CYP27B and CYP3A40 were up-regulated, but those of CYP3A38 and CYP27A1 were down-regulated. (2) The activity of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver were increased in the DFZ-treated groups, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased in the 100 and 1000 ng/L groups. (3) DFZ was accumulated in the muscle and the biological concentration factors in the 10, 100, and 1000 ng/L groups were respectively 149, 81 and 25. These results suggested that long-term exposure to DFZ at low concentrations would result in a bioaccumulation of this compound and disturb the biotransformation system.     

Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

一种低功耗高性能数据采集数字处理平台的设计

目的构建一套基于中频信号基带数字信号处理的软件无线电平台。方法通过选择芯片设计硬件电路设计出合适的PCB板。结果主要依据软件无线电平台,提出了一种基于A/D+FPGA+D/A的硬件设计方案,该系统包括了前端的A/D数据采集和后端的D/A模拟数据恢复的详细收发电路原理设计。结论构建了一个从前端数据接收到后端模拟发送的高速基带数字信号处理平台。     

基于GIS和LUR模型的西安市PM2.5浓度空间分布模拟研究

基于地理信息系统GIS和土地利用回归LUR模型,模拟西安市PM2.5浓度空间动态分布,结果表明:与PM2.5浓度相关性最高的分别为缓冲区为2 km的水域面积、人口密度和距离水域距离,R 2分别为0.501,0.393和0.280;与PM2.5浓度相关性最低的分别为缓冲区为4 km的水域面积、未利用地面积和耕地面积,R 2分别为0.039、0.021和0.017.未考虑风速建立的LUR模型多元回归的相关系数为0.856,R 2为0.733,考虑风速的相关系数为0.892,R 2为0.796,表明风速对于污染物的分布影响较大,LUR模型模拟效果较好.模拟的PM2.5年均浓度高风险区分布于中部,中风险区分布于中西部,低风险区分布于东南部和西部.     

某城市污水处理厂二期污水处理工程设计研究

详细介绍了某城市第一污水处理厂在现有工程的基础上二期工程的工艺设计以及构筑物、设备参数;二期工程充分利用原有工程场地,本着现有、新建运行管理便捷统一原则,采用改良型A/A/O生化池作为二级处理主体工艺;二期工程投入运营后,某城市污水处理厂达到20×104 m3/d的污水设计规模.最终污水厂出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级 A排放标准.污水处理厂运营后,经济效益显著,可保本经营,并具有企业自我发展的能力.     

柴油机增压系统变海拔自适应技术研究现状与发展趋势

分析了高原环境条件下柴油机功率下降、油耗增加、增压器效率下降、涡轮超温超速等问题,考虑采用自适应增压系统改进柴油机和增压器高原运行存在的问题。介绍了可变截面涡轮增压系统(VGT)、普通二级可调增压系统(TST)、复合增压系统(C2T)、基于VGT二级可调增压系统(R~2T)几种典型的可调增压系统的结构原理和高原应用现状。最后,结合柴油机变海拔和变工况的运行特点,从增压系统结构布置、智能优化算法、控制理论、多系统协同控制和增压器内部流场优化控制五个方面提出了增压系统高海拔自适应技术的发展趋势。     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的规划环境影响评价有效性研究

文章从评价主体、评价对象、介入时间、评价内容、公众参与、技术方法、政策制度等方面构建了包括"评价人员素质、早期介入、指标体系、评价标准、公众参与方式、工作程序完整性、法律法规、替代方案"等19项评价指标,提出了AHP-模糊综合评价法对规划环境影响评价有效性进行综合评价的方法,并以南阳石化专业园区规划环境影响评价为实证案例进行了定量分析.     

广西"十三五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系研究

生态环境保护目标指标是环境保护和生态建设规划中的核心内容,制定科学合理的规划指标体系,能够确保规划各项重点任务顺利实施.通过回顾分析"十一五"、"十二五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系,结合广西环境现状和发展趋势,在与国家和广西同期规划、计划、方案等衔接基础上,研究提出广西"十三五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系,设置了环境质量改善、总量控制、污染治理、风险防范、生态保护和生态公共服务等6个方面共29个指标,以期更好地指导"十三五"环境保护和生态建设工作.