浅谈淮南矿区采煤沉陷治理新思路

淮南市煤炭资源丰富,随着煤炭的大规模开发,也造成了采煤塌陷地的产生。采煤塌陷地的出现使得矿区耕地数量急剧减少,地质环境受到严重破坏,生态环境受到严重污染,进而引发了一系列社会问题。作为国家首批循环经济试点单位,淮南矿业集团已把建设绿色环保、和谐文明的能源基地归入四大发展战略之中,加大了对采煤沉陷区的综合治理。本论文在总结以往淮南矿区采煤沉陷治理状况的同时,介绍了一些最近涌现出的治理新思路,并从中得到一些企业谋求发展的思考和启发。     

浅谈沈阳市再生水源热泵利用及存在问题分析

再生水源主要指城市污水处理厂排水,笔者以组织编制《沈阳市＂十一五＂时期再生水源热泵供热规划（2007-2010）》为基础,通过对沈阳市供暖现状调查、城市污水处理及排放状况以及水源热泵技术的应用普及等方面的数据分析,浅谈再生水源热泵在沈阳地区应用的经济性和其应用潜力,并对推广使用中需要解决的问题进行了探讨。     

Sorption of heterocyclic compounds from a complex mixture of coal-tar compounds on natural clayey till

The sorption and desorption of heterocyclic organic compounds in a complex multisolute system to a natural clayey till was investigated. The composition of the solutes reflect a simplified composition of an aqueous phase in contact with coal tar. Sorption was studied for two ratios (s:l) of clayey till (solid) to aqueous phase (liquid). The effect of the complex mixture of solutes on sorption of the four heterocyclic compounds: benzofuran, dibenzofuran, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene is evaluated by comparison with their sorption measured in single-solute systems. Sorption of the four compounds is affected by the complex mixture, with sorption decreases for all four compounds at high s:l ratio indicating competitive sorption. The effect on sorption of the individual compounds is not related to solubility or hydrophobicity of the compounds. Freundlich-type isotherms are observed for all compounds in the high s:l-ratio experiments, but for the most hydrophobic compounds isotherms are close to linear. The sorption of N-compounds and benzofuran is apparently influenced by cation exchange and dipole–dipole attraction to clay minerals. At high concentrations a dramatic increase in the sorption of the most strongly sorbing compounds is observed in the low s:l-ratio experiment. The dramatic increase in sorption appears to be a result of multimolecular layer sorption or condensation on surfaces in the clayey till at high surface density of organic compounds, and the data are fitted by BET (Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller) type 2 isotherms. The increase may or may not be induced by the presence of N-heterocyclic compounds sorbed by cation exchange and dipole–dipole attraction. The desorption of the compounds was studied for the low s:l ratio where multimolecular layer formation apparently had occurred. Partially irreversible sorption, hysteric Langmuir type desorption with isotherms of very high K_l coefficient, or behaviour reflecting dissolution of a condensed phase is observed.     

基于神经网络的煤矿安全性预测模型及应用

指出矿井安全性及其预测对煤矿生产的重要性以及传统的预测方法存在的缺陷。应用神经网络建立了时间序列的矿井安全性预测模型,克服了传统预测方法必须事先构造函数的不足之处,提高了安全预测的精度。实例分析表明,该预测模型的预测精度较高,具有较大的理论指导意义和应用价值。     

煤及其燃烧产物中砷的分布特征

首先研究了我国各主要聚煤区煤中砷的分布,煤的砷含量均值高于世界但低于美国,低于或接近我国土壤砷含量,但与地壳克拉克值比较,砷在煤中被明显富集。从各聚煤区情况看,砷的含量和富集因子均有中新生代煤最大,华南二叠纪煤为次,而华北石炭——二叠纪煤最小的特点。煤各级燃烧产物中砷分布研究表明,底灰中亏损,但富集于飞灰特别是细粒飞灰的表面,质量平衡率的计算显示砷大多能截留于飞灰中,呈蒸气状态逸散入大气的有限。      

Disposal of Coal Fly Ash at A Deep Water Site in the Eastern Mediterranean Off Israel - Six Years of Monitoring

Coal fly ash (CFA) is dumped at a deep sea disposal site (1,500m water depth) in the eastern Mediterranean, ca. 70km off the Israeli shore. Since 1989, about one million tons of CFA were dumped at the 200km² allocated area. Six years of monitoring at the dump-site shows that the CFA is heterogeneously distributed; there are areas where CFA covers about 1.3cm depth of the sea floor while at others no CFA is found. CFA is present as a fine powder, small aggregates and even as large blocks both in the dump-site as well as at its peripheries. Cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in the CFA decreased as a result of the prolonged contact with sea water at in situ conditions while inconclusive changes in mercury, iron and manganese were detected. No changes were observed for lead, iron and aluminium concentrations. A controlled long term field experiment, now in progress at the site, is expected to clarify further chemical changes occurring in the CFA.     

新型阳离子絮凝剂在煤泥水处理中的应用研究

介绍了新型阳离子絮凝剂在选煤厂煤泥水治理环境保护中的应用。证明了该絮凝剂是一种质量优良性能稳定的高效阳离子絮凝剂,并取得了明显的经济效益和环境效益。      

堆放参数对瑞安矿煤堆自燃风速的影响

为确定瑞安矿煤堆自燃的环境风速,提高煤堆自燃的预判能力,使用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0数值仿真软件,开展了5个不同尺寸分别在孔隙率0.2~0.6和环境风速0.05 m/s~13 m/s条件下堆放180 d的自热-自燃过程数值模拟。结果表明,煤堆自燃风速范围因孔隙率和堆放参数不同而异,孔隙率越小煤堆的自燃风速范围越宽,且最小、最易、最大自燃风速与孔隙率之间具有幂函数关系;影响煤堆最小、最易、最大自燃风速显著的参数分别为顶宽、底宽、高度、角度和孔隙率、孔隙率、高度和孔隙率,并构建了三个自燃风速的合理解算方程。     

Porous silica synthesis out of coal fly ash with no residue generation and complete silicon separation

● Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are completely separated from coal fly ash. ● Porous silica is synthesized out of coal fly ash. ● No residues is produced during the whole synthesis process. ● The one-step method to synthesize silica don’t need long-time reaction and aging. Ordered mesoporous silica materials exhibit enormous potential in industrial production. Since coal fly ash (CFA) is abundant in Si, it has become a green and promising way to utilize CFA by synthesizing porous silica materials. However, the stable crystalline structure of CFA limits the extraction of Si, and the residue is generated during the process of extracting Si. In this work, we proposed a no-residue method to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica out of CFA. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was used to reconstruct the crystals of the CFA, and the calcined mixture then directly reacted with the precipitators. This method combined the process of Si extraction and porous material synthesis. In this method, no residue was generated and the silicon in both amorphous and crystalline phases of CFA was fully utilized. By this method, the extraction efficiency of Si was increased from 31.75% to nearly 100%. The as-synthesized mesoporous silica had a highly-ordered pore structure with a space group of la-3d, a surface area of 663.87 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.41 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.73 nm. The mechanism of crystalline transformation and material structure formation were systematically studied. This method provides a new idea to dispose of CFA and synthesize porous silica materials.     

水煤浆技术应用现状及对策分析

文章对水煤浆技术在工业化应用过程中出现的技术问题进行了分析并提出了相应的对策。