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341.
Awoke Guadie Siqing Xi Wei Jiang Lijie Zhou Zhiqiang Zhang Slawomir W. Hermanowicz Xiaoyin Xu Shuang Shen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):765-774
The feasibility of struvite recovery at low (12.5 mg/L) and high (120 mg[L) phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones (FBRwc) and without cones (FBRwoc). The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times (HRT = 1-10 hr), pH (7.5-10), and molar ratios of Mg/P (0.75-1.75), N/P (1-10) and Ca/Mg (0-2). The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction (17%-31%), the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low (47%-65%) for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite (〉 99%). The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters (pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg) were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater. 相似文献
342.
Miners' unsafe behavior (UB) is the main cause of coal mine accidents. Previous research has suggested that excessive noise in tunnels impacts miners' temperaments and safe production behavior. To explore the influence of noise on UB, four different dimensions of noise annoyance were identified: cognitive, emotional, communication, and physical mechanism annoyance. The coal mine noise annoyance scale, miners' unsafe behavior intention (UBI) scale, and miners’ UB scale were developed according to different dimensions. In the first survey, a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed in the two coal mines, and 193 valid questionnaires were recovered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and invalid items were removed according to the analysis results to form the final scale. Then, 500 final scales were distributed in two Chinese coal mines, and 482 valid questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by collating the data of the second questionnaire. Based upon the structural equation model (SEM), the SEM of the influence of noise annoyance degree on UB and the path analysis with latent variable path analysis with the latent variables (PA-LVs) mediating model of the effect of UBI on UB were established, and the path coefficients with fitting data of the model were analyzed. The results indicated that the four dimensions of coal mine noise annoyance had a strong positive impact on UB, which was reduced by less noise annoyance. In addition, the Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating method among the four dimensions of noise annoyance, cognitive annoyance, emotional annoyance, with communication annoyance indirectly affecting UB through UBI. The research results provide theoretical support for reducing the UB of miners and improving coal mine safety levels. 相似文献
343.
热液流体中的主要有机质包括腐殖物质(t<50℃)、有机羧酸(t=80~140℃)、原油(120~180℃)和水溶性甲烷气(180~300℃)。腐殖物质在初始矿源层形成中起重要作用,在腐殖酸缩合成干酪根过程中通过去氧而导致还原的成岩环境,从而有效地防止金属元素在初始矿源石化过程中的分散。有机羧酸是干酪很早期演化的必然产物,富含有机羧酸的油田卤水可以成为MVT铅锌矿的成矿流体。在一定成熟度范围内原油可能成为汞金热液流体的重要有机组分。水溶性甲烷气是铜、铀、金等中低温热液流体的重要有机组分。有机质演化的阶段性决定了相应热液流体中有机质的类型;此外沉积建造的类型、金属元素在油/卤之间分配系数差异和构造条件差异导致了金属矿化分异。 相似文献
344.
全程自养脱氨氮悬浮填料床反应器性能的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以NH+4-N溶液为基质建立和启运了全程自养脱氨氮悬浮填料床反应器,反应器连续运行的实验结果表明在pH为8.0~8.5、溶解氧为0.7~1.0mg/L和温度为28℃的条件下.当氨氮表面负荷为2~2.5g/(m2@d)时,其表面去除速率为1.1~1.3/(m2@d),全程自养脱氮率基本稳定在55%左右;全程自养脱氮的最适pH范围为7.5~8,5,其中最佳pH为8.0左右;最适溶解氧范围为0.5~1.5mg/L,其中尤以0.8~1.0ms/L左右为最佳. 相似文献
345.
通过粉煤灰、炉渣和生活垃圾共置处理,研究粉煤灰、炉渣提高生物反应器垃圾处理性能的机理和效果。结果表明:粉煤灰、炉渣可以有效去除重金属离子,调节反应器内pH,使渗滤液停留时间延长4倍~5倍,产气量提高5.9倍~7.8倍,甲烷含量可提高2倍以上,共置处理效果显著好于生活垃圾单一处理。 相似文献
346.
硫酸根对有机废水厌氧生物处理的影响 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
利用连续流上流式厌氧污泥床在控制和不控制H_2S浓度两种情况下,考察SO_4~(2-)对有机物厌氧生物处理的影响。试验表明,硫酸根本身对厌氧处理没有毒害作用,它对厌氧处理过程的破坏主要是其还原产物H_2S造成的。在用Fe~(2+)控制H_2S的情况下,硫酸根的存在和浓度大小对出水TOC、TOC去除率、产气量、气化率无不利影响,但会使气体中甲烷含量及甲烷产率逐渐减小而二氧化碳含量及二氧化碳产率逐渐增大, 相似文献
347.
于2017年12月~2018年1月现场测定了黄、渤海表层海水中二甲基硫(DMS)、二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)以及溶解甲烷(CH4)的含量,对DMS、DMSP及CH4的浓度分布和相互关系进行了研究.通过培养实验探究了DMSP降解对DMS和CH4生成的影响,并估算了DMS及CH4的海-气通量.结果表明,表层海水中DMS、DMSPd、DMSPp及CH4的平均浓度分别为(1.39±1.21),(2.87±1.54),(5.59±4.64),(6.91±2.77)nmol/L.DMS、DMSP与Chl-a水平分布基本一致,均呈现近岸高、远海低的趋势.垂直分布上,DMS、DMSP浓度最大值均出现在浅水层,而CH4浓度则随深度的增加而增大,至底层达到最大值.相关性分析表明,DMS、DMSPp与Chl-a存在显著的正相关关系,CH4与DMSPd、DMSPp浓度均存在一定的正相关性(P<0.05).培养实验结果表明,海水中本底DMSPd的浓度越高,DMS的生产速率越大.冬季黄、渤海DMS和CH4海-气通量的平均值分别为(2.73±3.18),(8.14±7.68)μmol/(m2·d),表明冬季黄、渤海是大气中DMS、CH4重要的源. 相似文献
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