Intercomparison of Two Models,ETA and RAMS,with TRACT Field Campaign Data

In this work a model intercomparison between RAMS and ETA models is carried out, with the aim of evaluating the quality and accuracy of these mesoscale models in reproducing the time evolution of the meteorology in real complex terrain. This is of great importance not only for meteorological forecast but also for air quality assessment. Numerical simulations are performed to reproduce the mean variables' fields and to compare them with measurements collected during the field campaign TRACT. The domain covers the Rhine valley and surrounding mountainous region and we consider a time period of two days. Results from simulations are compared to observations relative to ground stations and radiosoundings. A qualitative analysis is joined to a quantitative estimation of some reference statistical indexes. Both RAMS and ETA models performances are satisfactory when compared to the measured data and also their relative agreement is good. The mean variable fields are reproduced with a satisfactory degree of reliability, even if the simulated profiles are not able to describe the largest fluctuations of the variables. At the surface stations, the best agreement between predictions and observations is obtained for the wind velocity, while the quality of the results is lower for temperature and humidity.     

基于能值分析的崇明岛“社会-经济-自然”复合生态系统可持续性评估

运用能值分析的理论和方法，以中国第三大岛崇明岛为研究对象，定量分析和评价了1980～2003年岛内“社会-经济-自然”复合生态系统的能值自给率、人均能值用量、能值密度、环境负荷率、人口承载量以及基于能值分析的可持续发展指数等多项指标的变化趋势，并将2003年的数据进行了国内外对比。针对崇明建设生态岛的目标，分析了崇明岛的优势和不足，为其可持续发展提出了对应的建议和措施。研究表明：虽然良好的生态环境提升了人民的生活质量，但由于缺乏经济和科技竞争力，崇明岛的发展水平处于全国平均水平，与所处的长三角地区整体发展水平相差较大。但岛屿系统现状良好，运行稳定、健康、有活力，可持续性高。未来崇明岛的发展应当合理权衡和协调绎济发展和环境保护的关系，维持系统的可持续性。     

Mangrove mapping in Ecuador: The impact of shrimp pond construction

A cooperative mangrove mapping project between the Ecuadorian Center for Remote Sensing (CLIRSEN) and the University of Delaware was begun in August 1982. The objectives of the project were to create historical maps of mangrove ecosystem extent and change, while transferring aerial photographic interpretation techniques to Ecuadorian personnel. The result of this cooperation was a series of three 125,000 scale maps of historical mangrove extent and change from 1966 to 1982 in the southern Gulf of Guayaquil. This multitemporal study showed a 16% decrease in mangrove extent and a 27% increase in shrimp pond development. If these rates of change prevail into the future, mangroves in Ecuador will reach parity with shrimp ponds in 1984 and completely disappear by mid-1990. Recognizing the significance of this loss to shellfish and fish production along the coast, Ecuadorian scientists at CLIRSEN have subsequently initiated a nationwide mangrove mapping program to create a historical base for future mangrove management strategies.     

Prenatal diagnosis of a familial complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 5, 10, 16 and 18

We report one case of a familial complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving four different chromosomes 5, 10, 16 and 18. The CCR was detected prenatally at 20 weeks' gestation because of advanced maternal age and history of recurrent miscarriages. Cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells with GTG banding showed a 46,XX,t(5;16;10;18)(q13;q22;q11.2;q21) karyotype. Parental cytogenetic study revealed that the mother has the same CCR. RBG banding, high-resolution banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to characterize further and confirm the conventional banding data. No physical abnormalities were shown in the targeted fetal ultrasonography examination. The parents decided to continue the pregnancy. The child is now 2 years old and has neither congenital anomalies nor evidence of delayed psychomotor development. The fetal targeted ultrasound and FISH analysis helped us reassure fetal status. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国西部城市复合生态系统特点与生态调控对策研究

城市是一类以人类活动为中心的社会—经济—自然复合生态系统。西部城市是西部大开发的重要铱托。本文首先介绍了中国城市与西部城市的发展概况，在与中、东部和全国城市比较的基础上分析了西部城市的城市化特点以及社会、经济和自然生态特点，并运用生态学原理和复合生态系统理论，提出了西部城市发展的生态调控对策。     

绿化带下的生态复合塘污水处理工艺设计

工程旨在探讨生态复合塘作为污水处理工艺,以实现城乡污水处理的多元化与可持续性目标。文章以蓟县毛家峪长寿度假村为例,结合混凝沉淀池、污泥浓缩池、快速渗滤湿地、潜流湿地和表面流湿地等技术,从工艺设计及其关键设计参数出发,在防治系统堵塞、冰冻、油渍及渗漏的基础上,创造性地将人工湿地同绿化带相结合,解决了生态塘占地面积大的问题。工程的预期结果:该技术工艺设计可使出水达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB8978-2002)一类A级水平、农田灌溉和城乡杂用水的用水标准,各类污染物去除率分别为SS(mg/L)87.5%～96.7%,BOD5(mg/L)93.3%,COD(mg/L)61.5%～84.8%,TP(mg/L)50%～91.7%,NH3-N(mg/L)最高达87.5%。该设计实现了污水处理与绿化、节地的有机统一,可根据实际情况在机关、企事业单位和住宅小区推广应用。     

新型CuMn/TiO2苯类催化燃烧催化剂的研制及活性实验

采用浸溃法制备了CuMn/TiO2新型甲苯燃烧催化剂,其活性明显优于传统CuMn/γ-Al2O3和Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂.研究发现,载体TiO2自身有一定催化活性,而γ-Al2O3则几乎没有活性;TiO2与Cu-Mn之间的协同作用更提高了新型催化剂的活性.XRD、LRS结果显示,CuMn/TiO2催化剂的主要活性相为铜锰尖晶石(CuMn2O4),它的存在是CuMn/TiO2催化活性优良的另一个主要原因.考察了Cu-Mn负载量、铜锰比和焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响,CuMn/TiO2下对甲苯的去除率达95%以上时催化床层温度为215℃,比CuMn/γ-Al2O3和Cu-Mn复合氧化物对甲苯去除率达95%时分别下降了30℃、50℃左右.     

Cu、Zn和表面活性剂LAS、AE对彭泽鲫的复合污染毒性效应

在LAS和AE单一毒物对彭泽鲫的毒性实验的基础上,研究了Cu-LAS、Zn-LAS、Cu-AE、Zn-AE四种组合的复合污染对彭泽鲫的毒性效应。结果表明,LAS的毒性大于AE的毒性;Cu、Zn均能增强表面活性剂的毒性作用,促进作用为Cu〉Zn;Cu对表面活性剂的促进作用表现出一定的规律性,随浓度的升高表面活性剂的毒性增强;但Zn对表面活性剂的毒性影响的规律性仍不明确。     

基于降雨和地形特征的输出系数模型改进及精度分析

降雨是非点源污染产生的主要驱动条件,地形是非点源污染输移的重要影响因素,两者均与非点源污染紧密相关。输出系数模型是大尺度流域非点源污染模拟的常用模型,从降雨和地形对非点源污染产生、迁移的影响出发,对现有输出系数模型进行了改进,并给出了改进模型中降雨影响因子和地形影响因子的确定方法,以提高模型在大尺度流域的模拟精度。最后,以长江上游1990和2000年TN负荷估算为例,分析了模型改进前后的精度变化。精度对比表明,通过模型改进,流域综合相对误差从4502%和4249%减小到2393%和1838%,直门达站、沱江大桥站和罗渡溪站控制流域的相对误差有明显减小。改进后的输出系数模型结构更合理,模拟更符合实际。     

Application of ferrate（VI） in the treatment of industrial wastes containing metal-complexed cyanides ： A green treatment

Ferrate(VI) was employed for the oxidation of cyanide (CN) and simultaneous removal of copper or nickel in the mixed/complexed systems of CN-Cu, CN-Ni, or CN-Cu-Ni. The degradation of CN (1.00 mmol/L) and removal of Cu (0.095 mmol/L) were investigated as a function of Fe(VI) doses from 0.3–2.00 mmol/L at pH 10.0. It was found that Fe(VI) could readily oxidize CN and the reduction of Fe(VI) into Fe(III) might serve e ciently for the removal of free copper ions. The increase in Fe(VI) dose apparently favoured the CN oxidation as well as Cu removal. Moreover, the pH dependence study (pH 10.0–13.0) revealed that the oxidation of CN was almost una ected in the studied pH range (10.0–13.0), however, the maximum removal e ciency of Cu was obtained at pH 13.0. Similarly, treatment was carried out for CN-Ni system having the initial Ni concentration of 0.170 mmol/L and CN concentration of 1.00 mmol with Fe(VI) dose 2.00 mmol at various pH values (10.0–12.0). Results showed a partial oxidation of CN and partial removal of Ni. It can be observed that Fe(VI) can partially degrade the CN-Ni complex in this pH range. Further, Fe(VI) was applied for the treatment of simulated industrial waste/e uent waters treatment containing CN, Cu, and Ni.