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471.
为了研究采场在覆岩运动过程中关键层的缺失与否对综采工作面采场矿压的影响效果,采用相似模拟试验和数值模拟,对大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井1-2煤21304综采工作面在回采期间出现的2次压架事故进行分析。研究结果表明:上覆岩层的关键层缺失与否对下部煤层的开采影响至关重要,尤其是对上部已采单一关键层的煤层回采影响较大,当上煤层的关键层未缺失时回采后形成稳定的砌体梁结构,其下煤层回采也易形成稳定的砌体梁结构,反之亦然;在冲沟发育较深的地形,关键层的形成也会受到冲沟影响,造成部分关键层缺失,当关键层缺失时工作面向坡开采,随着工作面所承受的荷载逐渐增大,出现动载矿压的几率也随之增加,背坡开采则与之相反。 相似文献
472.
Biodiversity surveys are often hampered by the inability tocontrol extraneous sources of variability introduced intocomparisons of populations across a heterogenous landscape. If not specifically accounted for a priori, this noisecan weaken comparisons between sites, and can make itdifficult to draw inferences about specific ecologicalprocesses. We developed a terrain-based, paired-sitesampling design to analyze differences in aquaticbiodiversity between streams draining eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests, and those draining mixedhardwood forests in Delaware Water Gap National RecreationArea (USA). The goal of this design was to minimize variancedue to terrain influences on stream communities, whilerepresenting the range of hemlock dominated streamenvironments present in the park. We used geographicinformation systems (GIS) and cluster analysis to define andpartition hemlock dominated streams into terrain types basedon topographic variables and stream order. We computedsimilarity of forest stands within terrain types and usedthis information to pair hemlock-dominated streams withhardwood counterparts prior to sampling. We evaluated theeffectiveness of the design through power analysis and foundthat power to detect differences in aquatic invertebratetaxa richness was highest when sites were paired and terraintype was included as a factor in the analysis. Precision ofthe estimated difference in mean richness was nearly doubledusing the terrain-based, paired site design in comparison toother evaluated designs. Use of this method allowed us tosample stream communities representative of park-wide forestconditions while effectively controlling for landscapevariability. 相似文献
473.
准确可靠的工艺单元数据是开展产品生命周期清单分析和影响评价最重要的基础.目前开展的相关研究,由于数据获得性的问题,大多集中在结构或成分较为简单的工业产品.而利用相关数据库开展的生命周期清单分析,不能很好地满足对外公开的对比性评价或商业性应用需要.本文以国产轿车为例,研究提出了其制造阶段生命周期清单分析数据的获取方法,并通过理论研究和实践完善,设计出了一套系统化的数据收集表格,可用于机动车及类似复杂工业产品制造阶段生命周期清单数据获取. 相似文献
474.
V. M. Shestopalov V. A. Ivanov A. S. Bohuslavsky S. I. Kazakov 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(4):169-179
The main engineering-geological hazards and their factors of the Mountain Crimea coastal region are considered. A characteristic
shore line site of Cape Kikineiz and its neighboring coastal area near the Katsiveli settlement has been studied in more detail.
The important characteristic of the site is a high diversity of geological conditions with numerous manifestations of dangerous
engineering-geological processes: shore and hydrological network abrasion, loss of slopes and rocks stability, etc. These
processes have intensified during the last decades under the influence of natural and man-induced factors. The results of
preliminary study of geo-environmental situation of the area are presented. The program for further research and possible
recommendations for rational coastal hazard management and area ecological state improvement are outlined. 相似文献
475.
Coastal hazards and community-coping methods in Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Addressing one of the most vulnerable coastal communities in Bangladesh, this paper explores people’s perception and vulnerabilities
to coastal hazards. At the same time, it investigates the methods that communities apply to cope with different coastal hazards.
Findings revealed that people perceived an increase in both the intensity of hazards and their vulnerabilities. In spite of
having a number of socio-economic and locational factors enhancing their vulnerabilities, the community is creating their
own ways to cope with these hazards. For different aspects of life like shelter, employment, water supply, and health, communities
apply different coping methods that vary with the types of hazard. Efforts have also been made by governments and NGOs to
manage coastal hazards. By highlighting both community-coping methods and efforts of development organizations, this paper
attempts to devise an integrated approach for managing the coastal hazards that occur in Bangladesh. 相似文献
476.
John Kiousopoulos 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(1):19-25
The general objective of this paper is to trigger off the development of a more comprehensive approach to Hellenic coastal
areas (in the perspective of territorial cohesion), at local level and especially along the non-urban areas close to the sea.
Methodological issues linked to the building of an appropriate coastal database constitute the key goal of this paper (the
space and time scale, the relationship to the already proposed set of indicators, the impact of driving forces and policies,
the possible sources of data and their feasibility etc.). Furthermore, specific emphasis should be given to the choice of
new indicators, particularly for the coastal abiotic environment and the land cover/uses along coastal areas, especially near
the seafront. Those indicators should be able to aid the formation (in the near future) of an algorithm linked to the total
man-made activities in coastal areas. In conclusion, this paper will be considered successful if the just above illustrated
objectives could enrich the argument about the typology of coastal areas and the development of a spatial (coastal) observatory.
Actually, this paper is part of a broader research of the author regarding the monitoring of coastal spatial changes in different
scales (AMICA, “Appraisal of man-made interventions along the Hellenic coastal areas”). This research aims to broaden the
coastal knowledge (not only by means of coastal data) on behalf of all stakeholders been implicated into sustainable spatial
planning, integrated coastal management and the strategic environmental assessment along coastal areas.
相似文献
John KiousopoulosEmail: |
477.
Su Yean Teh Donald L. DeAngelis Leonel da Silveira Lobo Sternberg Fernando R. Miralles-Wilhelm Thomas J. Smith Hock-Lye Koh 《Ecological modelling》2008
Sharp boundaries typically separate the salinity tolerant mangroves from the salinity intolerant hardwood hammock species, which occupy the similar geographical areas of southern Florida. Evidence of strong feedback between tree community-type and the salinity of the unsaturated (vadose) zone of the soil suggests that a severe disturbance that significantly tilts the salinity in the vadose zone might cause a shift from one vegetation type to the other. In this study, a model based upon the feedback dynamics between vegetation and salinity of the vadose zone of the soil was used to take account of storm surge events to investigate the mechanisms that by which this large-scale disturbance could affect the spatial pattern of hardwood hammocks and mangroves. Model simulation results indicated that a heavy storm surge that completely saturated the vadose zone at 30 ppt for 1 day could lead to a regime shift in which there is domination by mangroves of areas previously dominated by hardwood hammocks. Lighter storm surges that saturated the vadose zone at less than 7 ppt did not cause vegetation shifts. Investigations of model sensitivity analysis indicated that the thickness of the vadose zone, coupled with precipitation, influenced the residence time of high salinity in the vadose zone and therefore determined the rate of mangrove domination. The model was developed for a southern Florida coastal ecosystem, but its applicability may be much broader. 相似文献
478.
Ying Cai Jun Wu Jian Lu Jianhua Wang Cui Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):96
479.
Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Resilience is widely seen as a desirable system property in environmental management. This paper explores the concept of resilience to natural hazards, using weather-related hazards in coastal megacities as an example. The paper draws on the wide literature on megacities, coastal hazards, hazard risk reduction strategies, and resilience within environmental management. Some analysts define resilience as a system attribute, whilst others use it as an umbrella concept for a range of system attributes deemed desirable. These umbrella concepts have not been made operational to support planning or management. It is recommended that resilience only be used in a restricted sense to describe specific system attributes concerning (i) the amount of disturbance a system can absorb and still remain within the same state or domain of attraction and (ii) the degree to which the system is capable of self-organisation. The concept of adaptive capacity, which has emerged in the context of climate change, can then be adopted as the umbrella concept, where resilience will be one factor influencing adaptive capacity. This improvement to conceptual clarity would foster much-needed communication between the natural hazards and the climate change communities and, more importantly, offers greater potential in application, especially when attempting to move away from disaster recovery to hazard prediction, disaster prevention, and preparedness. 相似文献
480.