燃烧、爆炸过程复杂性行为的非线性动力学(Ⅰ)

从非线性动力学观点,总结了燃烧和爆炸系统的多种复杂现象。指出了其非线性现象之间的对应关系。提出了从非线性即从“系统”、“全局或大范围”、“演化”及“统一”地观点认识燃烧和爆炸现象的观点。     

Hydrological and Oceanographic Considerations for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Southern Belize

9 m³, a volume equal to the basin. During the rainy season, June–September, 84% of the annual discharge occurs, which causes the bay to become brackish. Port Honduras serves as an important nursery ground for many species of commercially important fish and shellfish. The removal of forest cover in the uplands, as a result of agriculture, aquaculture, and village development, is likely to significantly accelerate erosion. Increased erosion would reduce soil fertility in the uplands and negatively affect mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef productivity in the receiving coastal embayment. Alternatively, the conservation of an existing protected areas corridor, linking the Maya Mountains to the Caribbean Sea, is likely to enhance regional sustainable economic development. This study aims to support environmental management at the scale of the “ecoscape”—a sensible ecological unit of linked watersheds and coastal and marine environments.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取环境样品中金属离子的研究进展

原位络合的超临界萃取技术开辟了超临界二氧化碳（ＳＣ－ＣＯ２）萃取金属离子的新途径。本文综述国外有关ＳＣ－ＣＯ２萃取环境样品中金属离子的原理、流程、应用及影响因素等方面的研究进展,并相信随着研究工作的不断深入,更加理想的络合剂和ＳＣ－ＣＯ２携带剂的发现,必将使ＳＣ－ＣＯ２萃取金属离子的技术在环境样品中痕量金属离子的前处理和分析以及有害金属离子的处理等方面的应用前景更为广阔     

黄河口及其附近海域表观Cu络合容量的研究

采用阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)对黄河口及其附近海域14个站位表、底层海水的表观Cu络合容量(ACuCC)进行了测定,并计算了条件稳定常数(K)和络合容量指数(CCI).得到该海域海水ACuCC的变化范围在215.1～738.0 nmol/L,平均值为387.3 nmol/L;lgK的变化范围在7.66～8.95,平均值为8.27;CCI的变化范围在82.50%～95.25%,平均值为88.05%.结果表明:调查海域表层海水ACuCC的平均值比底层海水ACuCC的平均值高,南部海区表层海水ACuCC值高,而远离海岸的东北部海区表层海水ACuCC值低.     

海岸带可持续发展评价研究——以中国沿海七城市为例

根据"压力-状态-响应"模型建立了海岸带可持续发展指标体系,并运用层次分析法综合评价了上海等七个沿海城市的可持续发展水平。     

ACF负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的研究

为了研究活性碳纤维（ACF）负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的效果,采用浸渍法制备了系列负载氧化铈和氧化铜的ACF,在微型反应器中进行程序升温反应,通过正交试验,确定催化反应的最佳条件,考察了反应温度和复合金属氧化物的不同含量对催化活性的影响,并与ACF负载单金属氧化物作了比较,同时对催化剂进行了扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱分析实验。实验结果表明,在氨氮比是1.1∶1,氧气体积比为5%,体积流速为4 000 h^-1的条件下,负载复合金属氧化物的ACF低温活性相差很大,随着温度的升高,催化效率持续提高。当氧化铈与氧化铜的含量分别为10%和30%,在120～300℃区域内去除率维持80%以上,是低温催化中理想的催化剂。     

川滇农牧交错区地形特征对土地利用空间格局的影响

川滇农牧交错区位于我国青藏高原的东南缘,地形地貌特征复杂,研究该区土地利用特征与地形之间的关系,有助于了解人类开发活动与自然地理条件之间的关系,对区域的资源开发和生态保护具有重要的现实意义。基于RS＼GIS技术,采用遥感调查、土地利用结构分析和GIS空间分析方法,研究了该区 1988～2000年的土地利用特征,以及不同土地利用类型的空间分布与地形因子之间的关系。初步结果发现：耕地、林地和草地是研究区内受人类活动影响的主要土地类型,也是类型转换相对频繁的土地类型;地形因子对不同土地利用类型的空间分布具有显著影响,其中,海拔在垂直方向上对土地利用空间布局具有控制性作用。研究结果同时表明,地形特征是川滇农牧交错区土地利用空间格局形成的基础,其原因在于地形因子通过影响水热条件及其他自然资源要素在本区内的再分配,进而影响着人类对土地资源的利用方式和利用程度.     

Iron-rich dune grasslands: Relations between soil organic matter and sorption of Fe and P

Effects of high atmospheric nitrogen-deposition partly depend on availability of phosphate. Lime-poor, but iron-rich dune grasslands are supposedly protected from grass-encroachment, due to P-fixation in iron phosphate. However, in iron-rich Dutch hinterdunes, dunes have low, but dry former beach plains high grass-encroachment. To test whether these zones differ in nutrient availability, and whether this changed with duration of grass-encroachment, we measured net N-mineralization, microbial characteristics and different fractions of P and Fe from pioneer and shortgrass to tallgrass stages approximately 10, 20 and >25 years old. N-mineralization did not differ between zones, but increased in older tallgrass stages in the organic layer. P-availability was significantly lower in the low grass-encroachment zone, with SOM values below 3% and mineral Fe above 40% allowing for P-fixation in iron phosphates. In the high grass-encroachment zone, however, P-availability increased, because SOM increased and Fe became incorporated in organic matter complexes, with more reversible P-sorption.     

焦化废水深度处理试验研究

采用BC法＋复合过滤技术工艺对焦化废水生化出水进行深度处理试验。结果表明,在SE混凝剂投药量为30 mg/L、BC池停留时间为1.5 h、复合过滤器水力负荷为2.4 m³/（m²·h）的条件下,当深度处理进水水质为COD＝196.1 mg/L、色度＝120倍、NH₃-N＝35.1 mg/L时,其去除率分别为74.7%、86.7%和69.7%,出水可达回用水要求。     

Community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) in Xinhui, Guangdong Province, China

Using institutional appraisal focused groups (FG) and participatory appraisals with Dillman Total Design Method (TDM), this study examines community interaction with and utilization of wetland resources in Xinhui, Guangdong Province, China. Field results show high commercial activities and corresponding impacts on coastal environment. Other interacting factors identified include: legislation and ecosystem management, stakeholders’ participation, international guidelines criteria, and utilization of mangrove resources in the region. Sensitivity index and community-based natural resources management collaboration comparison percentile showed significant differences between cumulative distributions of respondents (D = 0.2568, P = 0.078). Likert statement of 11 sensitivity optional indexes in EMS of K–S test at 0.05 level of P = 0.078 also show significant differences in interaction between respondent groups and sensitivity factors. This indicates a dysfunction between regional environmental management systems and CBNRM in Xinhui coastal district. Considering the high tourism potential and economic quest of the region, there is the need for coordinated community enlightenment and further studies on the social, ecological and economic value of wetland resources. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.