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981.
Rising demand for shrimp in the developed nations has helped to foster a dramatic growth in marine shrimp aquaculture, particularly
in South America and South Asia. In Thailand, Marine shrimp aquaculture is now an important earmer of foreign exchange. The
growth in Production has been achieved through the expansion of the culture area and the adoption of intensive production
methods. The conversion of near-shore areas to shrimp culture, however, is proving to have many consequences that impinge
on the environmental integrity of coastal areas. This paper reviews the development of Thailand's marine shrimp culture industry
and examines the nature of the environmental impacts that are emerging. It then discusses the implications these have for
rural poor and the long-term viability of the culture industry. 相似文献
982.
Mirady Sebastiani Sara Elena González María Mercedes Castillo Pablo Alvizu María Albertina Oliveira Jorge Pérez Antonio Quilici Martín Rada María Carolina Yáber Miguel Lentino 《Environmental management》1994,18(5):647-661
In Venezuela, large-scale shrimp farming began in the 1980s. By 1987, the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARNR)
had received 14 proposals for approval. A developer illegally started the construction of ponds at the Píritu Lagoon in the
State of Anzoátegui before the authorization process was completed. This action triggered a land-use conflict. This study
identifies the causes for public protest and determines the consequences of this conflict for land-use management. The results
show that public protest was based on the impacts of the partial construction of ponds. These impacts were related to direct
removal of wetlands, interruption of natural patterns of surface flows, and alteration of feeding grounds of some bird species
with migratory status. Consequences were identified in relation to the role that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play
in land-use conflicts and the actions that MARNR could take in the future to prevent and solve similar situations. 相似文献
983.
Günay Kocasoy 《Environmental management》1989,13(4):469-475
The increase in the number of tourists visiting a coast is desired by most of the countries for economic reasons. However, this increase in tourism may cause pollution of the sea. This can be only avoided by proper planning and by predicting the carrying capacity of the coast in terms of sea pollution. This is especially important for developing countries where part of the wastewater is discharged without any treatment into the sea.In the present study the beaches were classified according to their use — and consequently the amount of waste discharged into the sea — into four groups: (1) coasts that are used only for swimming and recreational purposes; (2) coasts used simultaneously for dwelling, swimming, and recreational purposes; (3) coasts along which only dwellings exist; and (4) natural and man-made harbors, i.e., coasts used as shelters. During the survey,40,320 observations were made between December 1985 and February 1988 to determine the effect of the number of tourists on seawater quality. The results obtained were analyzed by a multilinear regression program to obtain an empirical equation giving the extent of the sea pollution in terms of coliform concentration as a function of population density and some other environmental factors.The equations derived in this study enable the determination of the carrying capacity of a beach in terms of pollution as well as the expected degree of pollution corresponding to a given population density. Furthermore, it allows the prediction of the extra carrying capacity that can be obtained by improving the waste-disposal conditions. 相似文献
984.
纳米科技的快速发展及纳米材料的广泛应用导致纳米材料不可避免地释放到环境中。进入环境中的纳米材料可能会对环境中的许多物种,包括从微生物到更复杂的生物体及生物种群和群落,产生毒性作用,甚至会通过食物链传递,给生态系统带来潜在的危险。因此,纳米生态毒理学的研究引起了人们的高度重视。系统评述了纳米生态毒性的主要影响因素,以及纳米材料对单一生物(微生物、藻类、大型溞和鱼)、经食物链传递、在种群和群落水平上的生物毒性效应和纳米材料与环境中其他污染物结合产生的复合效应,最后在总结目前研究现状的基础之上,提出了纳米材料生态毒性效应还需深入研究的若干方面。 相似文献
985.
中国海岸侵蚀特点及侵蚀加剧原因分析 总被引:40,自引:2,他引:40
中国海岸侵蚀具有普遍性、多样性和加剧发展等三个特点,侵蚀岸线长度占全国大陆岸线的1/3以上,尤以渤海和黄海沿岸较重。但因沿海泥沙来源丰富、堆积条件较好,使总体侵蚀强度通常稍轻于国外许多海岸。中国海岸的侵蚀因素有海平面上升、风暴潮加剧、入海泥沙减少和多种不合理的人为开发活动等9种,其中7种与全球变化有直接或间接关系。它们主要通过增强海洋动力作用、减少沿岸泥沙和降低海岸稳定性三个原因,加剧海岸侵蚀。 相似文献
986.
中国海岸地带面临的重大环境变化与灾害及其防御对策 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
中国海岸地带面向21世纪的持续发展,面临着相对海面加速上升和热带气旋、风暴潮与低洼地洪涝不断加剧以及海岸环境急剧恶化等一系列重大环境变化与灾害问题。本文着重分析相对海面上升、热带气旋、风暴潮与洪水灾害以及海岸环境污染的特征、演变趋势及防御对策。 相似文献
987.
山东省海岸侵蚀灾害研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
本文根据大量外业调查资料,阐述了山东海岸侵蚀灾害状况.并探讨了山东海岸侵蚀原因,认为自然条件的变化和人类活动的影响是引起海岸侵蚀的原因,作者强调指出,人类活动在海岸侵蚀和灾害中起更重要的作用。 相似文献
988.
A. J. Plater J. F. Boyle C. Mayers S. D. Turner R. W. Stroud 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(1-2):71-85
The limnological record of human impact on catchment land cover and on lake sedimentation during the historical period has
been established for Pinto Lake in Central Coastal California. In addition, the sedimentary record of the ‘pre-impact’ condition
preserves evidence of a climatic control on the nature of lake sedimentation. Chronological marker horizons have been determined
using pollen data in combination with the documented land-use history and introductions of exotic species. Further chronological
data have been determined using 14C and 137Cs. The impact of Mexican and Euro-American immigrants and their ‘imported’ land-use practices is clearly reflected in an
order of magnitude increase in the rate of lake sedimentation to c. 9 kg m−2 year−1 (c. 2 cm year−1) between 1770 and 1850. Here, the occurrence of exotic plant species indicates disturbance as early as c. 1769–1797, whilst
redwood deforestation between 1844 and 1860 represents the most significant human impact. Changes in the nature of sedimentation
prior to this reveal a high degree of sensitivity to changes in precipitation where subtle decreases in lake level and the
supply of runoff-derived mineral matter have resulted in two periods of organic lake sedimentation c. 650–900 and 1275–1750. Set against this background condition of high sensitivity, the dramatic impacts of Euro-American settlement
are unsurprising.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
989.
990.
三峡库区小集水区复合生态系统的水分及养分动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以三峡库区小集水区复合生态系统为对象 ,定量研究了其中不同子系统的水分和养分动态过程。结果表明 :(1)平均径流系数是裸地 >草地 >菜地 >柏木林 >桔园 ;(2 )年养分流失量是裸地>桔园 >菜地 >草地 >柏木林 ,桔园和菜地的径流系数较小 ,但其径流中养分含量较高 ,导致其输出养分总量较大 ;(3)菜地和桔园由于输出果菜 ,导致系统N、P循环效率的降低 ;(4)各子系统中P的流失较厉害 ,而柏木林在防止该地区养分流失特别是P的流失上是要优于草地的 相似文献