我国环境保护规划的分析与展望

回顾了我国环境保护规划的发展历程,剖析了当前我国环境保护规划存在的问题,认为现阶段我国环境保护规划存在缺乏法律效力、法律地位不足、规划编制不规范、设区的市缺少环境保护总体规划、规划衔接不够、实施监管机制不完善和公众参与缺乏实质性等问题;对比分析了我国与美国和荷兰这2个发达国家的环境保护规划,总结了可以借鉴的国际经验;结合我国环境保护工作的形势和环境保护规划的发展,提出完善法律机制、设区的市编制环境保护总体规划、加强规划衔接、建立实施监管机制和加强公众参与等建议,确保其成为参与政府综合决策的有效手段,使其更加权威、规范和科学.      

The Literature Aftermath Of The Brundtland Report ‘Our Common Future’. A Scientometric Study Based On Citations In Science And Social Science Journals

Two major multidisciplinary bibliographic databases, the Science Citation Index and the Social Science Citation Index were searched to collect science and social science journal articles published in the 1987–2001 period with the report Our Common Future among their references. A statistical overview is given about the trends and patterns revealed by the bibliometric/scientometric analysis of the retrieved literature. National and regional distributions as well as publication channels and thematic features are considered. During the period under study, the word sustainability became the dominating term of the field, and operative questions like those of management, technology and urbanization came into the forefront of interest.Readers should send their comments on this paper to:BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

Selecting agri-environmental indicators to facilitate monitoring and assessment of EU agri-environmental measures effectiveness

Since its introduction in the early 1960s, the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has demonstrated a capacity to adapt and change in the face of new challenges. The reformed CAP, under AGENDA 2000, encourages more environmentally friendly farming practices. In the context of their rural development plans, Member States are required to link policies on agriculture with protection of the environment and to ensure that farmers meet environmental standards. Additionally, Member States should maintain and restore the quality of both their aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems according to the Directive 2000/60/EU, 'Establishing a framework for Community Action in the field of Water Policy'. Within this framework, agri-environmental indicators play an important role in planning and implementing CAP guidelines. However, selection and use of the proper indicators remains unresolved, considering that ecosystem processes are complex and interactions in most cases not obvious. This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the environmental state and impacts of current land use and management when implementing agri-environmental measures of CAP. The proposed methodology includes a modified Driving forces-Pressures-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework, identification of Zones of Specific Functional Interest (ZSFI), and criteria for selecting agri-environmental indicators, which assess the functional performance of each zone and meet existing legislation. The Mygdonia Watershed (Greece) is an example where through use of both the appropriate Minimum Data Set of agri-environmental indicators at the identified zones and the proposed modified DPSIR, the functioning performance of each ZSFI can be assessed to evaluate the applied agri-environmental measures.     

测定回弹法专用测强曲线的数据融合方法

混凝土强度现场检测结果的准确性直接关系到结构的安全性。笔者利用通用回弹测强曲线提供的共性信息和现场试验得到的个性信息 ,通过数据融合方法 ,提出适应于现场情况的混凝土强度与回弹值之间的关系曲线。该曲线仍运用原有的幂函数形式并保持回归参数不变 ,通过增加位置参数反映现场试验的个性信息。其修正后的结果既反映混凝土回弹值和强度值之间的一般关系 ,又反映现场试验的实际情况。在混凝土回弹检测中采用该曲线 ,可极大地提高检测精度和检测结果的可靠性     

Coping with Change: The Small Experiment as a Strategic Approach to Environmental Sustainability

The patterns of living, planning, and resource utilization as practiced in Western countries for decades are not sustainable; change of some sort is essential. But what changes are appropriate, and, perhaps more important, will people accept them? The small experiment framework provides a strategy for meeting the challenge of change. By encouraging participation, limiting the scale of initial change, and incorporating some aspects of the familiar, many of the difficulties that make change so problematic can be mitigated or even eliminated. An exploration, from a psychological perspective, of the characteristic difficulties surrounding potential change provides the context for a discussion of the components of the small experiment and an analysis of how these elements address these characteristic challenges. A comparison to adaptive management is drawn, and several concrete examples illustrate how the strategy has been used successfully to address a variety of environmental problems.     

我国建筑安全管理存在的主要问题及对策建议

针对建筑安全生产状况,从分析建筑安全管理存在的主要问题入手,认真研究和总结建筑安全生产管理的规律和特点,提出在经济日益市场化条件下,强化建筑安全监督管理,促进建筑业安全发展的对策建议.     

腾冲北海湿地问题诊断与工程对策措施研究

在北海湿地问题诊断的基础上,提出了具体的目标和工程对策措施,并做了工程效益分析。     

江苏省饮用水源地环境问题和污染防治对策的探讨

饮用水安全问题关系到广大人民群众的健康、生命安全和社会的和谐稳定。开展饮用水源地基础环境调查与评估,研究提出江苏省主要饮用水源地污染防治对策,可以为政府管理和决策提供科学依据。重点阐述了江苏省饮用水源地存在的环境问题,针对问题提出相应的管理对策和建议。     

生态建设中城镇生活污水集中处理问题探讨——以江苏省南通市为例

城镇生活污水难以集中处理是目前我国各地生态创建过程中的一个瓶颈问题。本文通过对南通市城镇生活污水处理现状和主要存在问题进行详细地分析,提出以生态市创建为依托,市镇村三级政府共同重视,合理规划,采取乡镇自建、以企带镇、以园带镇、镇镇联合等的建设模式,采用BOT、TOT等的新型融资和管理模式,将是解决我国目前城市环境基础设施建设和运营的有效手段,提高城镇生活污水集中处理的最终途径。     

浅谈化粪池的安全问题与对策

根据化粪池建造、管理、使用的现状,分析了其安全事故发生的原因,并从事故原因入手,探讨了规避和减少化粪池安全事故的有效途径。