水培彩叶草抑制藻类繁殖的试验研究

通过人为控制光照、温度和培养液体积栽种水培彩叶草(简称彩叶草),并对彩叶草的抑藻能力进行测定,分析了彩叶草抑藻过程中营养物质浓度变化,并与凤眼莲的抑藻效果进行对比.结果表明,在不同培养条件下,彩叶草均能明显抑制藻类的过度生长;在保持培养液营养物质自然变化的条件下,栽种彩叶草与不栽种彩叶草培养液的营养物质浓度均直线下降,...     

废旧线路板次氯酸盐法浸金的实验研究

研究了酸性条件NaClO-HCl和碱性条件NaClO-NaOH下浸出废旧线路板中的金.通过正交设计优化实验比较发现,NaClO-NaOH碱性体系浸金较有优势,其最佳的浸金条件为NaClO浓度6 mol/L,NaOH浓度8 mol/L,固液比l∶6,反应时间40 min,金的浸出率可达到94.5%.次氯酸盐浸金具有浸金效...     

福建龙岩可持续发展实验区规划探讨及实践

可持续发展实验区总体规划是区域规划的一种特殊类型。通过对可持续发展实验区及其总体规划的理解和认识,文章指出地方可持续发展实验区总体规划的编制思路应当回归到问题指向型的出发点上来。规划编制思路应当紧密结合宏观经济发展环境、社会事业新要求以及全球环境变化压力等背景,从地区人地关系的突出问题入手,制定实验区可持续发展战略,并通过重点项目落实到规划实施中,使可持续发展实验区总体规划体现实验、探索、示范、创新的作用。文章以福建龙岩可持续发展实验区总体规划编制的实践经验为例,对规划编制思路进行探讨。     

Investigating household preferences for kerbside recycling services in London: a choice experiment approach

Recent developments in national and European Union waste management policy have prompted considerable interest in alternative waste management programs, such as recycling, which could divert a portion of the municipal solid waste stream from landfills. This paper examines household preferences for kerbside recycling services and uses a stated preference choice experiment method to estimate households' valuation of such services. Using a sample of 188 households in the London area, the empirical analysis yields estimates of the willingness to pay for the number of 'dry' materials collected, the collection of compost, textile collection and the frequency of collection.     

具有超压/负压防护功能的急救车防生物污染的安全性试验研究

采用粘质沙雷菌气溶胶,对具有超压/负压防护功能的急救车防生物污染的安全性进行试验考核。分别测试气溶胶发生后30s,1min,5min,10min时,车厢在超压防护和负压防护下的过滤效率,其结果表明:急救车在超压防护状态下开启空调时的平均过滤效率能达到99.99%,不开空调时的平均过滤效率能达到99.95%;在负压防护状态下开启空调时的平均过滤效率能达到99.93%,不开空调时的平均过滤效率能达到99.95%。证明急救车能够通过生物污染区域安全运送、急救伤病员,也能够运送、急救生物污染伤病员或烈性传染病员确保沿途环境不受污染,该研究成果为应对生物恐怖袭击和突发公共卫生事件(烈性传染病)提供了一种安全可靠的机动医疗救治平台。     

Public values for badgers,bovine TB reduction and management strategies

This paper applies an attribute-based stated choice experiment approach to estimate the value that society places on changes to the size of the badger population in England and Wales. The study was undertaken in the context of a rising incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle and the government's review of current bTB control policy. This review includes consideration of culling badgers to reduce bTB in cattle, since badgers are thought to be an important wildlife reservoir for the disease. The design of the CE involved four attributes (size of badger population, cattle slaughtered due to bTB, badger management strategy and household tax) at four levels with eight choice sets of two alternatives presented to respondents. Telephone interviews were undertaken with over 400 respondents, which elicited their attitudes and preferences concerning badgers, bTB in cattle and badger management strategies. The study estimated a willingness to pay of £0.10 per household per year per 100,000 badgers and £1.52 per household per year per 10,000 cattle slaughtered due to bTB which aggregated to £22 per badger and £3298 per bTB slaughtered animal for all households in England and Wales. Management strategy toward badgers had a very high valuation, highlighting the emotive issue of badger culling for respondents and the importance of government policy towards badgers.     

Uranium removal from groundwater via in situ biostimulation: Field-scale modeling of transport and biological processes

During 2002 and 2003, bioremediation experiments in the unconfined aquifer of the Old Rifle UMTRA field site in western Colorado provided evidence for the immobilization of hexavalent uranium in groundwater by iron-reducing Geobacter sp. stimulated by acetate amendment. As the bioavailable Fe(III) terminal electron acceptor was depleted in the zone just downgradient of the acetate injection gallery, sulfate-reducing organisms came to dominate the microbial community. In the present study, we use multicomponent reactive transport modeling to analyze data from the 2002 field experiment to identify the dominant transport and biological processes controlling uranium mobility during biostimulation, and determine field-scale parameters for these modeled processes. The coupled process simulation approach was able to establish a quantitative characterization of the principal flow, transport, and reaction processes based on the 2002 field experiment, that could be applied without modification to describe the 2003 field experiment. Insights gained from this analysis include field-scale estimates of the bioavailable Fe(III) mineral threshold for the onset of sulfate reduction, and rates for the Fe(III), U(VI), and sulfate terminal electron accepting processes.     

Fenton法处理煤气废水的动态实验研究

对Fenton试剂处理煤气废水进行了研究,探讨了Fenton氧化阶段pH、温度、HRT、H2O2投加量、Fe^2＋投加量等因素对COD去除率的影响,确定了最佳处理条件。结果表明,当pH在7．0—7．6范围内,温度为30℃,H2O2投加量为70mL,Fe^2＋投加量为30mL,搅拌60min时,COD去除率在80％以上,处理效果比较好。     

基于人的认知可靠性(HCR)模型的人因操作失误研究

以人的认知可靠性(HCR)模型为指导,选择包含技能型、规则型和知识型3种认知类型,结合大连化工集团公司影响运行安全的17个异常事件,对54名操纵员的时间响应状况和允许操作时间进行录像、记录与分析;依据IAEA提供的指标[1],找出操纵员在生产过程中可能出现的操作失误类别及其可能造成的危害;基于3参数威布尔模型推导出操纵员操作响应失误概率模型,并从人机工程学角度提出了具体预防事故的安全对策措施。结果表明,基于HCR模型的大化集团公司操纵员的人因操作失误模型实用、有效,为实现操作者与机器系统相协调的目标、正确评估操作着实时操作的响应时间提供了重要参考依据。     

深埋地铁岛式站点火灾模型实验研究(2)--列车火灾

列车停靠站台时一旦发生火灾,火灾烟气将向站台和区间隧道空间蔓延.尤其对于深埋地铁车站,如何控制车站列车火灾是地铁设计过程中必需解决的科学问题之一.这里,笔者利用深埋地铁车站模型实验台研究了列车停靠在站台时发生火灾情况下,火灾烟气蔓延规律,分析了火灾烟气有效控制方案,研究结果有利于火灾时深埋车站排烟模式的选择.