SBR法处理城市生活污水的研究

介绍了ＳＢＲ法处理城市生活污水的小试。结果表明：ＳＢＲ法能获取较好的出水水质。总ＢＯＤ、溶解性ＢＯＤ、总ＣＯＤ、溶解性ＣＯＤ、氨氮和悬浮物去除率分别为９４．４／～９６．６％，９２．６％～９６．２％，８４．１％～８７．３％，６１％～６９％，７８．１％～８４．３％和９１．９％～９５．１％。为了适应农业灌溉的需要，还应采取深层石英砂过滤进一步降低浊度。     

Swedish-German actinide migration experiment at ÄSPÖ hard rock laboratory

Within the scope of a bilateral cooperation between Svensk Kärnbränslehantering (SKB) and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (FZK-INE), an actinide migration experiment is currently being performed at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden. This paper covers laboratory and in situ investigations on actinide migration in single-fractured granite core samples. For the in situ experiment, the CHEMLAB 2 probe developed by SKB was used. The experimental setup as well as the breakthrough of inert tracers and of the actinides Am, Np and Pu are presented. The breakthrough curves of inert tracers were analyzed to determine hydraulic properties of the fractured samples. Postmortem analyses of the solid samples were performed to characterize the flow path and the sorbed actinides. After cutting the cores, the abraded material was analyzed with respect to sorbed actinides. The slices were scanned optically to visualize the flow path. Effective volumes and inner surface areas were measured.In the experiments, only breakthrough of Np(V) was observed. In each experiment, the recovery of Np(V) was ≤40%. Breakthrough of Am(III) and Pu(IV) as well as of Np(IV) was not observed.     

实验用水对高锰酸盐指数准确度的影响

高锰酸盐指数是水质监测的主要项目之一,它是地表水和地下水受还原性无机物和有机物污染的重要衡量尺度。简单介绍了高锰酸盐指数测定中对实验用水的要求及实验用水的处理方法,通过对七个标准样品的实验测定及讨论,得出实验用水对高锰酸盐指数的测定是不可忽视的,尤其对标准样品影响最为严重,它带来的不仅仅是误差的问题,而是会导致错误的结果。因此在高锰酸盐指数的测定分析中,一定要严格控制实验用水使其符合要求,以提高测定的准确度和精密度。     

高尔夫球场果岭土壤硝酸盐氮淋洗的模拟试验研究

通过对高尔夫球场施用化肥后的降雨过程进行模拟淋滤试验,测试了不同施肥量、降雨强度及植被密度条件下硝酸盐的淋失浓度,并借助SAS9．0软件对测试数据进行了统计分析。结果表明,在降雨总量相同的条件下,淋滤出的硝酸盐氮受植被密度和施肥量的影响较大,而降雨强度则元显著影响;在暴雨-稀草-高肥时的硝酸盐氮淋出量最多,而中雨-密草-低肥淋出量最少。土壤中硝酸盐氮含量与淋滤液中硝酸盐氮的淋失量规律吻合,即硝酸盐氮淋失量大时,土壤中的硝酸盐氮含量低;而硝酸盐氮淋失量小时,土壤中的硝酸盐氮含量高。     

天然沸石吸附氨氮和磷的研究

选用浙江缙云产颗粒状天然沸石为材料对氨氮和磷进行吸附动力学和吸附等温试验,考察初始浓度、振荡时间对吸附量、去除率的影响。试验结果表明：沸石对氨氮和磷吸附显示出＂快速吸附,缓慢平衡＂的特点;吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型;吸附等温线更符合Freundlich方程;氨氮初始浓度小于7 mg/L、振荡时间在1h内和磷初始浓度小于30 mg/L、振荡时间在15 min内,吸附量、去除率随初始浓度、振荡时间增加而增加,当超过此阶段后,吸附量增加缓慢、去除率下降。     

微波协同活性炭催化氧化处理含酚废水的研究

在微波辐射条件下,采用活性炭处理含酚废水。结果表明微波催化氧化工艺对苯酚的处理效果明显优于单纯活性炭吸附与单纯微波辐射工艺。通过正交实验得出微波处理的最佳条件：活性炭用量1.0 g,微波功率600 W,微波时间3 min。在该条件下,选用2号活性炭对苯酚浓度为600 mg/L的模拟水样进行处理,含酚废水中的酚去除率达到67.79%。     

道路常亮型LED补光灯对驾驶人员的视觉影响

为研究道路常亮型LED补光灯对安全驾驶的影响,通过实测道路现场光照数据构建室内眼动实验,分析不同照度下被试者瞳孔大小的变化和视觉感受变化特征,为道路常亮型LED补光灯的照度设置提供依据。结果表明:道路常亮型LED补光灯光照强度变化对驾驶人员视觉有影响,光照强度从100×10-1 lx变化到700×10-1 lx时,被试者瞳孔逐渐缩小,但能看得清目标;光照强度从700×10-1 lx变化到1 700×10-1 lx时,被试者瞳孔进一步缩小,瞳孔缩小至约3.5 mm时开始看不清楚目标。为减小道路常亮型LED补光灯对驾驶人员的视觉影响,道路常亮型LED补光灯的照度应该设置在700×10-1 lx以下。     

玉米秸秆发酵浸出液模拟废水发酵产氢的放大实验研究

在20L的半连续流发酵罐中,以牛粪堆肥为产氢菌源,按照玉米秸秆发酵浸出液的主要成份配制模拟废水,考察和分析了几个关键环境因素对发酵产氢的影响。结果表明,HRT、C/N、Fe2+浓度和模拟废水浓度对发酵产氢均有不同程度的影响。在本实验条件下,秸秆模拟废水的氢产量、氢浓度和产氢速率分别为11.80mol/kg、56%和8.81L/(L?d),底物转化率大于90%,废水中COD去除率为39.40%。在整个发酵产氢过程,液相主要发酵副产物为丁酸、乙酸和丙酸以及少量的乙醇和丁醇。     

Pollinator insects benefit from rotational fallows

The importance of rotational fallows for pollinating insects in intensively cultivated farmland was studied in a three-year field experiment. The focus was on the establishment method (undersowing or seed mixture sown post-tillage), seed mixture (competitive Festuca pratensis-Phleum pratense-Trifolium pratense or less competitive Agrostis capillaris-Festuca ovina mixture) and duration (1 or 2 years) of the fallow. The seed mixture and duration affected the pollinators more than the method of establishment. Pollinator species richness was higher in fallows sown with less competitive than with competitive grasses and it increased in the second year. Stubble fields reached as high pollinator species richness already during the first year as fallows with less competitive grasses did in the second year. Pollinator abundance was highest in those treatments in which species richness of flowering plants was highest. The results suggest that the benefits of rotational fallows for pollinators increase when they are established as stubble or using seeds of less competitive grasses and when the field is fallowed for (at least) two summers.     

汽车发动机超声清洗废水处理实验研究

汽车发动机超声清洗废水中含有有机油、表面活性剂等物质,呈黑色,COD较高,较难处理。本实验采用化学絮凝法对其进行处理,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明,在pH 7.2~8.2范围内,向样品中投入PAC400 mg/L,PAM50 mg/L,氯化钙200 mg/L时,处理效果明显,COD去除率达到96.7%。