射频氦等离子体原子发射光谱用于毛细管气相色谱检测

1　IntroductionInmodernanalyticalchemistry ,chromatographyandemissionspectroscopyandtheircombinedusearebecominganincreasinglyimportanttechniqueforthemeasurementofenvironmentalpollu tants.AtomicemissiondetectorusedinGCcanprovidehighlysensitiveandselectiveresponsewithwidedynamicrangeforvariouselementsinelutingcompounds[1—4 ].Itcanalsoprovidespectrumofelementssimultaneously ,sotheycouldbeusedforempiricalformuladetermination .Wehavedevelopedanatomicemissiondetectorusingradiofrequencydischargepla…     

实验室无源效率刻度技术的准确性检验

为检验无源效率刻度技术的准确性,本文用9个可溯源的典型放射性样品进行测试,并用LabSOCS计算结果。结果表明,点源在低能区（〈150KeV）偏差为9.2%,中高能区5.9%以内。对于单一核素体源,偏差在5%以内,而复合核素体源偏差在12%以内,无源效率刻度技术是一种准确、可靠的刻度技术。     

气相色谱法测定气体中的二溴甲烷

建立了一种简便快速测定空气中二溴甲烷的方法，即空气中的二溴甲烷经Tenax管吸附，TJ-618热解析仪解析，电子捕获检测器检测，该法线性关系良好，其精密度及回收率均符合方法学要求，方法结果简单、快速、准确、可靠。     

气相色谱火焰光度检测器在马拉硫磷定量分析中的应用

本文用自制新型的火焰光度检测器，选用合适的内标物四丁基锡（或甲基１６０５）进行马拉硫磷可湿性粉剂的气相色谱分析，七次测定平均值为４９．２％，相对标准偏差为１．９％，与国外研究和工厂的化验结果相符合。     

黄河中游不同地貌分区景观格局脆弱性及其驱动力

黄河中游生态环境脆弱,科学评估流域景观格局脆弱性是因地制宜开展该区生态环境建设的基础.以黄河中游1990~2018年5期土地利用数据为基础,采用景观脆弱度指数,分析景观格局脆弱性的时空演变,并结合最优参数地理探测器方法探究不同自然地貌分区景观格局脆弱性的影响因素.结果表明:①1990~2018年,耕地（面积占比为36.96 %~39.97 %）是黄河中游的优势景观,耕地（减少10185.00 km²）和建设用地（增加7678.46 km²）面积变化最大.②1990~2018年,景观格局以较低和中度脆弱区为主,面积占比为70 %~80 %,较高和高脆弱区集中在黄土丘陵沟壑区,低脆弱区集中在河谷平原区和土石山区,脆弱度呈先降后升的变化趋势;1990~2000年和2000~2005年,脆弱性等级变化以“脆弱度减少”为主,2005~2010年和2010~2018年,以“脆弱度增加”为主.③年降水和NDVI是影响景观格局脆弱性的主要驱动因素,不同自然地貌分区的影响因素则各有不同:黄土丘陵沟壑区和土石山区的主导因子分别为年降水和DEM（自然因素）,黄土高塬沟壑区、河谷平原区和沙地沙漠区的主导因子分别为人口密度、土地利用程度和距道路的距离（人为因素）.任意两个影响因子的交互结果均表现为双因子增强或非线性增强.风险探测显示,各自然地貌分区的景观格局脆弱度高值区分别分布于对应主导因素的不同取值范围.因此,在黄河中游的生态治理实践中,应针对不同自然地貌的脆弱性特点,实施因地制宜的治理策略,进一步提升流域的生态治理水平.     

大别山区生境质量时空特征及自然-人为因素驱动机制

大别山区是中国南北地理生态过渡带东延余脉,山地系统表现出高度的异质性和敏感易变性,识别山地生境质量的空间特征对揭示自然和人为因素的时空驱动机制及差异具有重要指示意义.基于PLUS-InVEST以及地理探测器方法,分析大别山区2000~2020年生境质量的时空动态变化及驱动机制,并对2030年土地利用和生境质量进行多情景模拟预测.2000~2020年,区内土地利用类型以耕地（50%~54%）和林地（42%~45%）为主,荒地（2%~4%）面积占比最低,大别山区耕地变化最大,面积减少2 311.45 km²,林地和建设用地次之,面积分别增加1 431.37 km²和924.52 km²,灌木和荒地的变化较小,面积分别减少7.72 km²和19.10 km²;大别山区的生境质量与海拔高度呈正相关,中东部生境质量较高,北部和南部生境质量较差;2000~2010年生境质量均值从0.594上升到0.608,到2020年下降到0.603,生境质量出现了先上升后下降的趋势.地理探测器结果表明,影响大别山区生境质量的主要驱动因素是地形起伏度、土地利用强度和海拔,NDVI的影响随着时间逐渐增强.2030年生境质量的预测结果显示,4种发展情景下,区域内整体生境质量仍然呈现下降的趋势,并且在生态保护情景下,依旧呈现降低的趋势,只是降低的速率减小.研究结果可为大别山区未来土地利用类型空间规划提供优化策略.     

天津市热环境时空演变及影响因素分析

随着城市化进程加快,城市热环境发生显著变化,对人类活动造成很大影响。为探究天津市城市热环境时空变化及其影响因素,基于2005—2020年四期Landsat遥感数据,利用辐射传输方程法反演地表温度,计算城市热岛比例指数,用标准差椭圆法分析城市热环境发展和布局,利用地表温度并结合土地利用分类研究城市地物覆盖类型与地表温度的响应关系,并采用地理探测器探究高程、绿地、建筑用地和水体对地表温度变化的影响差异。结果表明：天津市热岛足迹沿主干道由市内六区向环城四区发展,天津城市热环境呈现先增高后降低的趋势;由标准差椭圆分析可知,城市热岛呈现发展主轴维持在东北—西南方向,整体空间格局呈现放射状分布;天津市中心城区建筑用地面积占比逐年增加,水体面积占比逐年降低,各类型地物平均温度排序为：建筑用地＞绿地＞水体;地理探测器分析表明：NDBI和NDVI是影响地表温度变化的主要因子,NDVI和MNDWI对LST交互作用最强,是城市热环境驱动作用最强的因子组合。     

Natural radioactivity levels in topsoil from the Pearl River Delta Zone, Guangdong, China

Concentrations of the natural radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K have been measured by γ-ray spectrometry in 796 topsoil samples from the Pearl River Delta Zone (PRDZ) of Guangdong, China. The mean concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were found to be 140 ± 37 Bq kg⁻¹, 134 ± 41 Bq kg⁻¹, 187 ± 80 Bq kg⁻¹ and 680 ± 203 Bq kg⁻¹ dry mass, respectively. These values were all higher than the mean values in soil for China and the world. Outdoor air-absorbed dose rates, calculated from activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, ranged from 86 to 237 nGy h⁻¹, with a mean value of 165 ± 46 nGy h⁻¹. The corresponding annual outdoor effective dose rate per person was estimated to be between 0.11 and 0.29 mSv y⁻¹, with a mean value of 0.20 ± 0.06 mSv y⁻¹, which was also higher than the world mean value of 0.07 mSv y⁻¹. The radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq) and the external hazard index (I_r) resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 230 to 676 Bq kg⁻¹ and from 0.6 to 1.8, respectively. The Ra_eq and the I_r in all the investigated regions were up to 75% higher than the set limits of 370 Bq kg⁻¹ and 1.0, respectively.     

Mapping of cosmic radiation dose in Croatia

The Earth is continually bombarded by high-energy particles coming from the outer space and the sun. These particles, termed cosmic radiation, interact with nuclei of atmospheric constituents and decrease in intensity with depth in the atmosphere. Measurements of photon and gamma radiation, performed with a Radiameter at 1 m above the ground, indicated dose rates of 50-100 nSv/h.The neutron dose rate was measured with the CR-39 track etch detector calibrated by the CERN-EU high-energy Reference Field (CERF) facility. Correlation between neutron dose rates and altitudes at 36 sites was examined in order to obtain a significant positive correlation coefficient; the resulting linear regression enabled estimation of a neutron dose at particular altitude. The measured neutron dose rate in Osijek (altitude of 89 m, latitude of 45.31° N) was 110 nSv/h.     

On-line enrichment and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulates using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence as detector

Seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulates were determinated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector using direction injection and an on-line enrichment trap column.The method simplified the sample pretreatment,saved time and increased the efficiency.With the on-line trap column,PAHs were separated availably even underground injecting 1.0 ml sample with relatively high column efficiency.The recoveries of the seven PAHs were from 85% to 120% for spiked atmospheric particulate sample.The limit of detection was 15.3-39.6 ng/L (S/N=3.3).There were good linear correlations between the peak areas and concentrations of the seven kinds of PAHs in the range of 1-50 ng/ml with the correlation coefficients over 0.9970.Furthermore,it also indicated that the method is available to determine PAHs in atmospheric particulates well.