重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的质量现状

通过对重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的监测和评价得出：重庆市近郊蔬菜基地部分土壤受到 Ｃｄ和Ｈｇ的污染；部分蔬菜受到Ｐｂ和Ｃｄ的污染。     

Fetal urinary insulin-like growth factor I and binding protein 3 in bilateral obstructive uropathies

Fetal urinary concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (UIGF-I) and binding protein 3 (UIGFBP-3) were determined in patients with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral obstructive uropathy. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three groups, on the basis of outcome: group 1, termination of pregnancies (n = 11) with sonographic evidence of severe oligohydramnios or renal dysplasia, confirmed at histological examination; group 2, patients (n = 10) with postnatal plasma creatinine > 50 μmol/1 at the age of 1 year (1 yr-pCreat); and group 3, patients (n = 16) with 1 yr-pCreat ≤ μmol/1. The results show a significant increase in UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 in groups 1 (18 159 ± 9083 pg/ml; 2657 ± 669 ng/ml) and 2 (1574 ± 847 pg/ml; 176 ± 50 ng/ml) in comparison with group 3 (35 ± 6 pg/ml; 21 ± 2 ng/ml). UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with postnatal plasma creatinine, and were both sensitive (90 per cent; 80 per cent) and specific (88 per cent; 88 per cent) for prediction of elevated 1 yr-pCreat (>50 μmol/1). Fetal urinary IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased in severe fetal bilateral obstructive uropathy, possibly reflecting tubular dysfunction or/and increased synthesis consequent upon fetal kidney injury. Their predictive value for postnatal renal function needs further assessment.     

环境因素对芦苇湿地CH4排放的影响

用封闭式箱法对辽河三角洲芦苇湿地温室气体CH4 排放进行了长期观测 .结果表明 ,CH4 排放有明显的季节变化规律 ,平均通量为 52 0 μg·m- 2 ·h- 1.土壤产CH4 活性主要发生在 0～ 5cm土层中 ,并随土层深度的增加而显著下降 .CH4 排放受环境因素影响很大 ,土壤氧化还原电位在 -1 1 0mV时就有CH4 排放 ,其排放量随氧化还原电位的下降而增加 .另外 ,随着淹水深度的增加 ,CH4 排放反而减少 .在测定期内 ,CH4 排放与温度呈明显的正相关 (R2 =0 1 96,n =2 1 ,P <0 .0 5) .     

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物生化组成及其环境因子效应

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物碳水化合物与光强、盐度和叶绿素ａ均显著正相关，蛋白质与光强有负相关关系，脂类受光强的影响较小，蛋白质与碳水化合物之比与氮磷比显正相关。１０月该海域浮游植物叶绿素ａ与生化组分含量都比４月高，与１０月海水温度和海面辐照度较高有关     

海洋气溶胶对沿海地区降水组成的贡献

以青岛地区为对象，对沿海地区大气气溶海洋因子对降水组成的贡献，进行了研究分析。结果表明，１）夏季受海洋影响要比冬季明显得多；（２）降水中主要的碱性物质，不论是夏季或冬季，９９％来自大陆气溶胶，海洋的影响可忽略；（３）海洋影响的程度和离海边的距离有关，离海愈远，受海洋影响就愈小，离海愈近，受其影响就愈大。     

Comparison of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of different fractions of NOM from drinking water

This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H₂O₂, UV/TiO₂ and UV/K₂S₂O₈ (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H₂O₂ process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO₂ and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics.     

微污染饮用水生物过滤影响因素的研究

通过试验探讨了过滤介质、空床接触时间、水温和反冲洗方式对生物过滤去除有机物的影响。试验结果表明 :活性炭、石英砂组成的双层滤料生物滤池对高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的去除效果比无烟煤、石英砂组成的双层滤料滤池和单层石英砂滤料滤池好 ;在一定的范围内 ,随着接触时间或水温的增加 ,各滤柱对高锰酸盐指数的去除率增加 ;加氯水反冲洗方式对生物滤池去除高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的影响比未加氯水反冲洗方式大     

水力空化技术的研究及其应用

水力空化是一种新的水处理技术.作为一种新技术,水力空化已经应用于化学和环境领域.本文阐述了水力空化的机理,包括空化的产生、发展及溃灭的过程,并提出了空泡溃灭时产生的高温高压是水处理过程中的能量来源.研究了影响水力空化的因素,介绍了其在国内外的研究进展,以及水力空化的动力学基础,指出了该领域目前存在的问题以及以后的研究方向,对进一步深入研究空化现象及应用有一定的参考作用.     

不同养殖水体溶解氧与环境因子关系的比较

根据2003年7月到2004年6月间对厦门铁道公司东山牙鲆工厂化养殖车间和同安湾网箱养殖区养殖水体水环境监测的资料分析整理而得.研究结果表明:东山牙鲆养殖车间的DO、NH4-N、NO2-N均达到了二类渔业水质标准,但COD偏高,超出四类渔业水质标准.在工厂化养殖中,由于受人为的影响,DO与其他环境因子不存在线性关系.而在同安湾,NH4-N、NO2-N、DO和COD均达到了二类渔业水质标准,同时DO与COD,DO与NH4-N之间都存在较好线性关系.     

城市交通干线两侧机动车尾气污染状况分析

文中对PM10,SO2，NO2，CO四种污染因子，从时间、车流量、风力、气压、气温等方面进行影响分析，分析结果高浓度CO和NOx的污染出现在城市交通干道两侧和交通密集区域，上述四种污染园予在未来几年里仍然是环境空气中的主要污染物，危害城市人民正常生活的主要污染源，成为未来环境保护工作中的重点内容。