富伦纸业污染治理成果的启示

本文报道了富伦纸业通过工艺与设备的调整与改造，工艺全程控制与末端综合治理，不但治理了环境污染，还获得了一定的经济效益。     

空压机站噪声控制

某厂空压机站噪声已超出《工业企业卫生标准》及《城市区域环境噪声标准》，危害空压机操作者及附近居民，故对空压机站采取消声、吸声、隔声等一系列措施，使之噪声降到允许标准以下，从而取得了令人满意的效果．     

制定污水中控制项目地方排放标准的几点考虑

以新疆石河子市为例,阐述了实行水污染物排放许可证制度,制定污水中控制项目的地方排放标准时应考虑的几点原则和确定标准值的思路.     

Vehicular emissions in China in 2006 and 2010

Vehicular emissions in China in 2006 and 2010 were calculated at a high spatial resolution based on the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, by taking the emission standards into consideration. China's vehicular emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxides(NO_x), volatile organic compounds(VOCs), ammonia(NH_3), fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5)), inhalable particulate matters(PM_(10)), black carbon(BC), and organic carbon(OC) were 30,113.9, 4593.7, 6838.0, 20.9, 400.2, 430.5, 285.6, and 105.1 Gg, respectively, in 2006 and 34,175.2, 5167.5, 7029.4, 74.0, 386.4, 417.1, 270.9, and 106.2 Gg, respectively, in 2010. CO,VOCs, and NH_3 emissions were mainly from motorcycles and light-duty gasoline vehicles,whereas NO_X, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), and BC emissions were mainly from rural vehicles and heavyduty diesel trucks. OC emissions were mainly from motorcycles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Vehicles of pre-China Ⅰ(vehicular emission standard of China before phase Ⅰ) and China Ⅰ(vehicular emission standard of China in phase Ⅰ) were the primary contributors to all of the pollutant emissions except NH_3, which was mainly from China Ⅲ and China Ⅳ gasoline vehicles. The total emissions of all the pollutants except NH_3 changed little from2006 to 2010. This finding can be attributed to the implementation of strict emission standards and to improvements in oil quality.     

Strategic Rat Control for Restoring Populations of Native Species in Forest Fragments

Forest fragments have biodiversity value that may be enhanced through management such as control of non‐native predators. However, such efforts may be ineffective, and research is needed to ensure that predator control is done strategically. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate fragment‐specific effects of experimental rat control on a native species targeted for recovery in a New Zealand pastoral landscape. The experiment was a modified BACI (before‐after‐control‐impact) design conducted over 6 years in 19 forest fragments with low‐density subpopulations of North Island Robins (Petroica longipes). The aim was to identify individual fragments that not only showed clear benefits of rat control, but also would have a high probability of subpopulation growth even if they were the only fragment managed. We collected data on fecundity, adult and juvenile survival, and juvenile emigration, and modeled the data in an integrated framework to estimate the expected annual growth rate (λ) of each subpopulation with and without rat control. Without emigration, subpopulation growth was estimated as marginal (λ = 0.95–1.05) or negative (λ = 0.74–0.90) without rat control, but it was estimated as positive in all fragments (λ = 1.4–2.1) if rats were controlled. This reflected a 150% average increase in fecundity and 45% average increase in adult female survival. The probability of a juvenile remaining in its natal fragment was 0.37 on average, but varied with fragment connectivity. With juvenile emigration added, 6 fragments were estimated to have a high (>0.8) probability of being self‐sustaining (λ > 1) with rat control. The key factors affecting subpopulation growth rates under rat control were low connectivity and stock fencing because these factors were associated with lower juvenile emigration and higher fecundity, respectively. However, there was also substantial random variation in adult survival among fragments, illustrating the importance of hierarchical modeling for fragmentation studies. Control Estratégico de Ratas para Restaurar Poblaciones de Especies Nativas en Fragmentos de Bosque     

浅谈白蚁防治药物污染环境的治理措施

介绍了白蚁对环境破坏程度,白蚁防治药物对环境污染和人体健康造成的严重后果;重点针对两种持久性有机污染物——氯丹和灭蚁灵的环境污染问题探讨其治理措施和处置方法。     

石灰和石灰石湿法脱硫系统运行控制指标探讨

钙基脱硫剂湿式脱硫系统是目前市场上广泛采用的烟气脱硫系统。文章分析了石灰和石灰石自身不同的物理化学特性对湿法脱硫系统运行控制指标的影响,得出了对于采用石灰和石灰石作为脱硫剂的湿式脱硫系统的最佳pH为8．0和5．8～6．2,脱硫浆液流量与烟气流量之比为10．0和5．6,钙硫比(化学过量比)为1．05～1．15和1．25～1．60。     

区域大气污染物总量控制技术与示范研究

分析了我国的大气环境问题和特征,剖析了大气污染的成因;重点介绍了区域大气污染物总量控制技术研究中,大气污染物排放清单的编制技术,多尺度的空气质量模拟技术,基于现代控制理论的大气环境容量优化技术,基于环境容量和排放绩效的总量分配技术,多种总量监控方法,科学有效的总量控制管理机制和规则等的关键技术、技术突破、主要研究与理论创新及成果的应用与示范;紧密结合国家空气环境质量管理和大气污染控制的需要,提出了我国大气环境管理、政策和大气环境科学研究的建议.      

对环境监测中产生的可疑结果的分析

文章先是介绍了实验室检测的相关规定,即〈检验和校准实验能力认可准则在化学检测领域的应用说明〉,在此基础上,对可疑结果进行了定义,以及简单分析了如何判断出可疑结果,最后对处理可疑结果以及防御可疑结果的产生进行了分析探索,希望可以文章能有参考的价值.     

Emerging contaminant control: From science to action

Since the concept of emerging contaminants (ECs) was first proposed in 2001, the global scientific research of ECs has developed rapidly. In the past decades, great progress has been achieved in the scientific research of ECs in China, including the establishment of EC analysis method system, the evaluation of the pollution status, pollution characteristics and environmental risk of ECs in typical regions of China, and establishment of EC control technology system. Continuous progress in scientific research of ECs promoted China’s action on EC control. It is planned that the environmental risk of ECs will be generally controlled by 2035 in China. Priority ECs should be screened for environmental management. Although great efforts have been made, the EC control in China still faces tremendous challenges. It is necessary to bridge the gap between scientific research and decision-making management. Based on the science and technology study, various measures such as engineering, policy management and public participation should be combinedly adopted for EC control.