环境标准在环境监测部门的管理与受控

介绍了按信息分类编码的方式对环境标准分类管理的方法，根据惟一性、合理性、可扩充性、简单性、适用性和规范性原则，采用复合码的形式，将环境标准代码分为分类部分和标识部分，其中分类部分由环境标准分类号和环境要素代码组成，标识部分为该标准在此类环境标准中的登记顺序号。建议建立环境标准基本信息数据库和环境标准图片库，实现环境标准计算机检索与网上查询。结合实验室认可工作，提出了环境标准在环境监测部门的受控程序，明确了各职能科室、业务科室在该受控程序中的职责。     

制定污水中控制项目地方排放标准的几点考虑

以新疆石河子市为例,阐述了实行水污染物排放许可证制度,制定污水中控制项目的地方排放标准时应考虑的几点原则和确定标准值的思路.     

污染源现场监测真实性和法律有效性控制的几点做法

污染源现场监测中的客观真实性和法律有效性是环境监测质量保证的重要内容,但在监测实践中还没有对此引起足够的重视,缺少有效的控制措施。文章在多年监测实践的基础上,总结归纳出一些控制措施和方法,实践证明,简单易行、科学有效。     

Vehicular emissions in China in 2006 and 2010

Vehicular emissions in China in 2006 and 2010 were calculated at a high spatial resolution based on the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, by taking the emission standards into consideration. China's vehicular emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxides(NO_x), volatile organic compounds(VOCs), ammonia(NH_3), fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5)), inhalable particulate matters(PM_(10)), black carbon(BC), and organic carbon(OC) were 30,113.9, 4593.7, 6838.0, 20.9, 400.2, 430.5, 285.6, and 105.1 Gg, respectively, in 2006 and 34,175.2, 5167.5, 7029.4, 74.0, 386.4, 417.1, 270.9, and 106.2 Gg, respectively, in 2010. CO,VOCs, and NH_3 emissions were mainly from motorcycles and light-duty gasoline vehicles,whereas NO_X, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), and BC emissions were mainly from rural vehicles and heavyduty diesel trucks. OC emissions were mainly from motorcycles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Vehicles of pre-China Ⅰ(vehicular emission standard of China before phase Ⅰ) and China Ⅰ(vehicular emission standard of China in phase Ⅰ) were the primary contributors to all of the pollutant emissions except NH_3, which was mainly from China Ⅲ and China Ⅳ gasoline vehicles. The total emissions of all the pollutants except NH_3 changed little from2006 to 2010. This finding can be attributed to the implementation of strict emission standards and to improvements in oil quality.     

关于饮用水水源保护在广西环境保护“十三五”规划中的战略思考

在对广西当前环境形势以及"十二五"时期饮用水水源地保护问题识别的基础上,结合广西全面建设小康环境新要求,提出了"十三五"饮用水水源保护规划体系以及规划目标的设想,并从保护红线、面源治理、点源治理、环境监测、信息公开5个方面给出了基本的策略建议,可为制定广西"十三五"环境保护规划目标和重点任务提供参考。     

Strategic Rat Control for Restoring Populations of Native Species in Forest Fragments

Forest fragments have biodiversity value that may be enhanced through management such as control of non‐native predators. However, such efforts may be ineffective, and research is needed to ensure that predator control is done strategically. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate fragment‐specific effects of experimental rat control on a native species targeted for recovery in a New Zealand pastoral landscape. The experiment was a modified BACI (before‐after‐control‐impact) design conducted over 6 years in 19 forest fragments with low‐density subpopulations of North Island Robins (Petroica longipes). The aim was to identify individual fragments that not only showed clear benefits of rat control, but also would have a high probability of subpopulation growth even if they were the only fragment managed. We collected data on fecundity, adult and juvenile survival, and juvenile emigration, and modeled the data in an integrated framework to estimate the expected annual growth rate (λ) of each subpopulation with and without rat control. Without emigration, subpopulation growth was estimated as marginal (λ = 0.95–1.05) or negative (λ = 0.74–0.90) without rat control, but it was estimated as positive in all fragments (λ = 1.4–2.1) if rats were controlled. This reflected a 150% average increase in fecundity and 45% average increase in adult female survival. The probability of a juvenile remaining in its natal fragment was 0.37 on average, but varied with fragment connectivity. With juvenile emigration added, 6 fragments were estimated to have a high (>0.8) probability of being self‐sustaining (λ > 1) with rat control. The key factors affecting subpopulation growth rates under rat control were low connectivity and stock fencing because these factors were associated with lower juvenile emigration and higher fecundity, respectively. However, there was also substantial random variation in adult survival among fragments, illustrating the importance of hierarchical modeling for fragmentation studies. Control Estratégico de Ratas para Restaurar Poblaciones de Especies Nativas en Fragmentos de Bosque     

浅谈白蚁防治药物污染环境的治理措施

介绍了白蚁对环境破坏程度,白蚁防治药物对环境污染和人体健康造成的严重后果;重点针对两种持久性有机污染物——氯丹和灭蚁灵的环境污染问题探讨其治理措施和处置方法。     

文丘里水膜除尘器后烟气带水的原因及控制对策

通过对一些文丘里水膜除尘器运行情况的实际调查,分析了烟气带水和风机挂灰振动的可能原因,针对不同情况提出了控制烟气带水危害的可行措施。     

Investigation of declared seating preference and measured cognitive performance in a sunlit room

Current daylighting standards are not sufficient to guarantee a high-quality daylighting experience as they fail to take the behavior of building occupants into consideration. The way that a daylit room is appreciated and used has not been fully explored, especially under sunlighting conditions. This research is the first of its kind to assess how the distance between a subject and a sun patch on the floor is related to a broad range of behavioral responses, including conclusive preference and measured cognitive performance. One hundred subjects participated in a controlled experiment in a work setting. Investigations of the declared preferences of seating area and subjects' cognitive performances indicated that people are not always aware of the environmental factors that influence their behavior. Subjects were generally attracted to sunlight and outdoor views, but they did not necessarily perform best in these preferred areas. Privacy and a sense of control were two hidden factors that greatly affected subjects' decisions and performances. Current daylighting literature and design practice do not pay adequate attention to such factors as sense of visual control or privacy in the design of rooms. On the other hand, the perceived problem of visual glare caused by sunlight penetration did not affect performance as much as subjects believed it would. An additional result suggested that individual behaviors were more affected by environmental elements than were group activities.     

石灰和石灰石湿法脱硫系统运行控制指标探讨

钙基脱硫剂湿式脱硫系统是目前市场上广泛采用的烟气脱硫系统。文章分析了石灰和石灰石自身不同的物理化学特性对湿法脱硫系统运行控制指标的影响,得出了对于采用石灰和石灰石作为脱硫剂的湿式脱硫系统的最佳pH为8．0和5．8～6．2,脱硫浆液流量与烟气流量之比为10．0和5．6,钙硫比(化学过量比)为1．05～1．15和1．25～1．60。