祁连山老虎沟冰芯草酸根和氟离子的记录及环境意义

2006年6月,在祁连山老虎沟12号冰川海拔5040 m的粒雪盆钻取的20.12 m冰芯,该冰芯定年至1960年.本文分析了冰芯样品中草酸根和氟离子含量,冰芯所记录的过去46年草酸根的平均含量为（18.52±2.4）ng.g-1,其含量变化与气温变化具有很好的一致性,表明气温可能是影响草酸根浓度变化的因素之一.20世纪...     

离子交换纤维对金属氰络合物吸附性能的研究

采用强碱性离子交换纤维对含氰废水中主要离子铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物的吸附性能进行了研究。实验结果表明：含氰废水的pH在8—11范围内，纤维材料对金属氰络合物具有良好的吸附性能；纤维对铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物的吸附速率很快，4min左右就可达吸附平衡；温度对铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物吸附影响不大，纤维的这些吸附特点对工业应用非常有利。     

Runoff rates,chemical speciation and bioavailability of copper released from naturally patinated copper

The release of copper, induced by atmospheric corrosion, from naturally patinated copper of varying age (0 and 30 years) has been investigated together with its potential ecotoxic effect. Results were generated in an interdisciplinary research effort in which corrosion science and ecotoxicology aspects were combined. The aim of the investigation was to elucidate the situation when copper-containing rainwater leaves a roof in terms of runoff rate, chemical speciation, bioavailability and ecotoxicity effects. Data have been collected during a three-year field exposure conducted in the urban environment of Stockholm, Sweden. The potential environmental effects have been evaluated using a combination of a copper specific biosensor test with the bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus and the conventional 72-h growth inhibition test with the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. The results show annual runoff rates between 1.0 and 1.5 g/m2 year for naturally patinated copper of varying age. The runoff rate increased slightly with patina age, which mainly is attributed to the enhanced first flush effect observed on thicker patina layers. The total copper concentration in investigated runoff samplings ranged from 0.9 to 9.7 mg/l. Both computer modeling and experimental studies revealed that the majority (60-100%) of released copper was present as the free hydrated cupric ion, Cu(H2O)6(2+), the most bioavailable copper species. However, other copper species in the runoff water, such as, e.g. Cu(OH)+ and Cu2(OH)2(2+), were also bioavailable. The copper-containing runoff water, sampled directly after release from the roof, caused significant reduction in growth rate of the green alga. It should be emphasized that the results describe the runoff situation immediately after release from the copper roof and not the real environmental ecotoxicity. Therefore the data should only be used as an initial assessment of the potential environmental effect of copper runoff from building applications. Future risk assessments should also consider dilution effects of copper, changes in its chemical speciation and bioavailability during environmental entry, and type and sensitivity of the receiving ecosystem.     

多聚磷酸盐的离子色谱法分析研究

本文以美国ＤＩＯＮＥＸ公司Ｏｍｎｉ Ｐａｃ ＰＡＸ－１００为分离柱，氢氧化钠为淋洗液，甲醇为有机改进剂，梯度淋洗分离多聚磷酸盐（正磷酸盐ＰＯ＾３－４，焦磷酸盐Ｐ２Ｏ＾４－７，三聚磷酸盐Ｐ３Ｏ＾５－１０）。研究了分离机理和流动相的选择、色谱条件的最佳化、降低基线噪音的方法和多聚磷酸盐的稳定性。建立了同时测定ｐｐｂ级（μｇ／ｌ）多聚磷酸盐的离子色谱新方法。对样品的测定结果回收率均在９７．４９％—１０６     

膜型树脂在土壤养分测试中的应用进展

回顾了离子交换树脂在土壤养分测试中的应用及其发展变迁的3个阶段;综述了国内外离子交换树脂膜（膜型树脂）的研究进展;同时对该技术未来应用的前景及其进一步发展存在的问题进行了讨论。     

基于非洗井情况下地下水样品代表性探讨

将非洗井法采样筛管部位取样的可行性和洗井前后样品代表性作对比,当监测井中地下水流量为0.1 L/min~0.5 L/min时,用微扰动采样器在非洗井情况下采样。洗井前后常规无机离子浓度和5种物理指标的研究对比结果显示,在非洗井情况下用微扰动地下水采样器在筛管部位取样的样品与洗井之后的样品十分接近。6口监测井水中无机离子含量单方向方差分析结果显示,p值0.05(显著性),验证概率FF crit,表明在95%的置信度上可总结为无机化学参数在洗井前后无显著性差异。     

提高GCMS离子源温度准确定量低浓度DEHP和PAHs

为解决GCMS难以准确定量环境样品中低浓度多环芳烃、酞酸酯类等高沸点、难挥发性有机物的难题,对比了GC进样口温度与MS温度对测定低浓度邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)、PAHs的影响。结果证明,MS离子源温度是准确定量DEHP、PAHs的关键因素,通过提高MS离子源温度能大幅度提高PAHs的灵敏度,且MS温度对沸点越高的PAHs灵敏度影响越大。在高MS离子源温度(330℃)条件下,建立了16种PAHs的SIM校准曲线,定量浓度低至5 ng/m L,表现出极高的灵敏度。为今后开发各类环境中低浓度难挥发性有机物的GCMS定量方法提供借鉴意义。     

水体系中Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8降解敌草隆的研究

在初始pH 7.0的Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8体系中,分别研究了K2S2O8和Fe(Ⅱ)初始浓度以及Fe(Ⅱ)分批加入对敌草隆降解的影响,结果表明,在pH 7.0,K2S2O8和Fe(Ⅱ)初始浓度分别为2.0mmol·l-1和1.0mmol·l-1时,反应300min后,0.1mmol·l-1敌草隆的降解率达到40.0%,Fe(Ⅱ)分批加入能够促进敌草隆的降解.另外,通过对Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8,EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8,柠檬酸-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8以及K2S2O3-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8四种Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8体系的对比研究,发现在Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8体系中,加入Fe(Ⅱ)的螯合剂EDTA和柠檬酸以及还原剂K2S2O3能够明显促进敌草隆降解.采用分子探针法的竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基.     

发生氢气分离离子色谱法间接测定水中硫化物

利用ＫＢＨ４在酸性条件下分解产生的氢气为载气分离水中硫化物,用ＮａＯＨ—Ｈ２Ｏ２溶液吸收Ｈ２Ｓ,并将其氧化为ＳＯ２－４,用离子色谱法测定ＳＯ２－４。方法用于各种水样中硫化物的测定,相对标准偏差为１．５８％,回收率在９０．５％到９８．２％之间。方法适用于水中硫化物的测定     

紫外二次曲线法测定硝酸盐氮方法探讨

利用紫外二次曲线法测定水体中的硝酸盐氮,测量上限可达12.00mg/L,方法检出限为0.02mg/L。分析了7个浓度的硝酸盐氮标准样,实验室内相对标准偏差为1.3%,相对误差1.3%,各淡水水样加标回收率在94%～107%之间,符合水质监测的质量保证要求。氯离子干扰分析表明:氯离子在220nm处无特定吸收,浓度高达20g/L的氯离子对测定结果也无影响。试验取3份海水样品,加标2.0mg/L,回收率为99.6%±3.2%,达到实验室质量控制要求,利用该法测定含高浓度氯离子水样中的硝酸盐氮具有一定的可行性。