广州地区大气能见度与颗粒物关系的初探

采用番禺大气成分站2007—2013年的能见度、颗粒物(PM1、PM2.5、PM10)及番禺气象局站的相对湿度(RH)资料,对颗粒物7年来的变化状况进行了分析。以RH为标准,将能见度和颗粒物数据分为RH≥90%、80%RH90%和RH≤80%3个部分,并以相关系数(R2)为判断标准,分别对其之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,PM10、PM2.5、PM1多年日平均值分别为56.6、43.0、38.5μg/m3,颗粒物值旱季高于雨季。当RH≤80%时,颗粒物与能见度的相关性最好,R2大小顺序为:PM10(0.47)PM2.5(0.57)PM1(0.58);当80%RH90%时,颗粒物与能见度的相关性次之,分别为PM10(0.4)PM2.5(0.46)PM1(0.49);当RH≥90%时,颗粒物与能见度的相关性较差。     

Contamination and potential sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water and sediment from the artificial Lake Shihwa, Korea

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in water and sediment collected from the artificial Lake Shihwa and surrounding creeks. Total concentrations of 23 PBDE congeners in water and sediment ranged from 0.16 to 11.0 ng L⁻¹ and from 1.3 to 18 700 ng g⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of BDE 209 in water and sediment were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the total concentrations of other PBDE congeners. The concentrations of total PBDEs and BDE 209 in sediments were the highest compared to previously reported worldwide levels. The highest concentrations of PBDEs in water and sediments were found in creeks near industrial complexes. The PBDE concentrations gradually decreased with increasing distance from the creeks to the inshore and then offshore regions of the lake. BDE 209 was a major congener, accounting for 80% of the total PBDEs in water and sediment, consistent with a high consumption of deca-BDE for the brominated flame retardant market in Korea. Non-parametric multidimensional scaling ordination showed that surrounding creeks are major pathways of PBDE contamination associated with deca-BDE technical mixtures used in industrial complexes around Lake Shihwa. A significant correlation between total organic carbon and total PBDE concentration was found in sediments, and the correlation coefficients for individual PBDE congeners relatively increased from lower to higher brominated congeners.     

Biotic, temporal and spatial variability of tritium concentrations in transpirate samples collected in the vicinity of a near-surface low-level nuclear waste disposal site and nearby research reactor

The results of a 21 month sampling program measuring tritium in tree transpirate with respect to local sources are reported. The aim was to assess the potential of tree transpirate to indicate the presence of sub-surface seepage plumes.Transpirate gathered from trees near low-level nuclear waste disposal trenches contained activity concentrations of ³H that were significantly higher (up to ∼700 Bq L⁻¹) than local background levels (0-10 Bq L⁻¹). The effects of the waste source declined rapidly with distance to be at background levels within 10s of metres. A research reactor 1.6 km south of the site contributed significant (p < 0.01) local fallout ³H but its influence did not reach as far as the disposal trenches.The elevated ³H levels in transpirate were, however, substantially lower than groundwater concentrations measured across the site (ranging from 0 to 91% with a median of 2%). Temporal patterns of tree transpirate ³H, together with local meteorological observations, indicate that soil water within the active root zones comprised a mixture of seepage and rainfall infiltration. The degree of mixing was variable given that the soil water activity concentrations were heterogeneous at a scale equivalent to the effective rooting volume of the trees. In addition, water taken up by roots was not well mixed within the trees. Based on correlation modelling, net rainfall less evaporation (a surrogate for infiltration) over a period of from 2 to 3 weeks prior to sampling seems to be the optimum predictor of transpirate ³H variability for any sampled tree at this site.The results demonstrate successful use of ³H in transpirate from trees to indicate the presence and general extent of sub-surface contamination at a low-level nuclear waste site.     

基于混沌时间序列分析的感光式火灾识别算法

采用混沌时间序列分析法对煤油和木材两种燃料的火焰信号进行了分析,通过主分量分析证明火焰信号属于混沌时间序列,煤油火焰、木材火焰和熄火信号的二维相平面图有明显的差异,它们的关联维和最大Lyapunov指数等混沌特征量的变化范围有所不同.该文通过数据挖掘,提出采用关联维判别火焰是否存在,同时配合最大Lyapunov指数判别燃料种类.所提出的火灾识别方法对发展感光式火灾探测器有一定的指导意义.     

Vegetation as an Indicator of Soil Properties and Water Quality in the Akarçay Stream (Turkey)

In this study, the relationship among water quality, soil properties, and plant coverage in the region of the Akarçay stream was examined. Correlation analyses were carried out between soil samples taken from each of four plant communities in the Akarçay basin and water in the Akarçay stream. The four plant communities in the study area are as follows: Limonium lilacinum (Boiss. et Bal.) Wag., Alhagi pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. Peganum harmala L., and Hordeum marinum Huds. subsp. marinum. B, Cl, EC, K, Mg, Na, pH, and SO₄ data from both soil and water samples were subjected to statistical analysis, and significant correlations were obtained (p < 0.05). These correlations indicated that the chemical features of the soil had a major effect on water quality. The important parameters were B, Cl, EC, K, Mg, Na, pH, and SO₄ for Limonium lilacinum communities; Ca, K, and pV for Peganum harmala; and B, Cl, Mg, pH, and pV for Alhagi pseudalhagi. There were also statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) among the parameters examined. These findings strongly suggested that these plant communities can be used as indicators for soil chemistry and water quality.     

沈阳地区一次颗粒物重污染天气过程的气象成因分析

为探究沈阳地区重污染天气成因,文章利用地面、高空气象观测资料、风廓线雷达资料、NECP再分析资料以及大气污染物监测资料,对2019年3月1～6日沈阳地区出现的一次持续性重污染天气过程,探讨了大气污染物质量浓度、地面气象要素变化特征、大气环流配置与外来输送等特征.结果表明,均压场、地面风场弱及辐合、高温高湿是本次重污染天...     

地表水泥沙与总磷测定值的相关性分析

为研究总磷与泥沙之间的质量浓度关系,采集了三峡库区7个断面的地表水样品,通过筛分、滤膜过滤等方式,分离了水样中不同粒径的泥沙,得到含不同泥沙质量浓度的水样,并同步分析了水样中泥沙和总磷的质量浓度.结果表明,在丰水期,总磷主要来源于泥沙中吸附的有机磷和无机磷,而溶解态磷较少.泥沙与总磷质量浓度可以用线性关系和对数关系模拟,泥沙是影响地表水中总磷测定结果的主要原因之一.     

玄武湖表层沉积物间隙水与上覆水中微量金属的含量及相关性研究

应用ICP-AES对南京市玄武湖表层沉积物间隙水和上覆水中的金属元素进行定量测试,并对间隙水和上覆水中的金属离子浓度进行了相关性分析。结果表明,大部分间隙水中的金属离子浓度高于上覆水,且在两者中不具有相同的浓度分布趋势;相关性分析表明,除Mn外,其它元素在间隙水和上覆水中的浓度无明显相关性,但是Fe和Mn与其它金属元素之间存在明显的相关性。     

华东地区空中SO2负荷量与地面SO2浓度的相关性

通过华东地区地面ＳＯ２深度和空中ＳＯ２负荷量的同步实测数据，证明了两者有较好的相关性、相关系数达０．９１；并建立了两者之间的线性方程，用方程计算的结果与实测结果比较，评判在±２０％以内。计算结果与实测结果无显著性差异。     

用灰色关联度方法分析活性炭-膜生物反应器效率的影响因素

应用灰色关联分析方法，以活性炭-膜生物反应器净化微污染水源水为例，研究影响反应器处理效率主要因素的重要性顺序，试验数据进行关联度计算分析所得的结论与理论分析一致。从而表明，用该方法分析影响好氧反应器处理效率的各因素的重要性．具有要求试验数据少、结果可靠的特点，同时也得到了影响活性炭-膜生物反应器处理效率各因素的重要性顺序。