Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region:a case study in Taicang County, China

Environmental pollution is a by-product of industrialization when economy of a region is developing. China also suffers from such a problem, especially in the southern part like Suzhou region in Jiangsu Province. In this paper, data covering situations of surface water pollution and social and economic development showed that the surface water pollution in Taicang County, a typical economic zone of Suzhou region, is significantly correlated to the economic growth of this region.     

陆良县水污染控制系统规划研究

根据陆良县的经济发展和污染预测，到2015年，工业废水达标率为100％，城市生活污染处理率达70％，南盘江两河段水质分别达到Ⅲ类和Ⅵ类水质。为此计算出相应的水环境容量、最大允许排放量、最小应削减量和总量控制目标分配。     

农业区划与农业产业化

农业区划与农业产业化具有非常密切的联系。农业区划部门应当抓住中央农村工作会议关于促进农业产业化发展的机遇，深化农业区划，促进农业产业化。本文论述了农业区划与农业产业化的关系，并按照发展农业产业化的要求，提出了农业区划部门当前急需做好的主要工作。     

海岛生态经济系统的物质输入与输出分析——以长海县为例

运用物质流分析方法对长海县的物质输入与输出状况进行了分析,并用物质消耗强度、物质输出强度和环境负荷强度三个指标衡量了该海岛县生态效率的变化。研究结果表明,2003～2009年间,长海县物质输入总量、废物输出总量和环境负荷总量呈增长态势;生态效率有了比较明显的提高。为了减少物质输入和废物输出,减轻经济活动对生态系统产生的压力,利用技术进步不断提高生态效率具有特别重要的作用。     

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垦利县耕地利用动态监测研究

对土地利用变化进行监测是全球变化的一项基本内容,基于遥感技术的两个最主要的应用是通过影像分类制作土地覆被图和通过变化监测分析土地覆被变化,从而为土地利用分析提供了有力的工具与手段。论文以山东省垦利县为研究对象,探讨了利用TM数据进行耕地信息提取及监测,包括遥感图像的几何精校正、数据配准、研究区数据提取及图像增强等,分别采用屏幕目视解译法和自动分类与目视解译结合法两种分类方法提取耕地信息,在此基础上对耕地分类结果进行叠加监测,并对分类和监测结果进行了验证;最后对耕地资源的变化做了一个系统的分析。结果表明,在计算机自动分类结果的基础上,进行目视修正,可以有效地提高分类精度,适宜于农用土地区尤其是滨海盐渍土区的耕地信息提取。     

基于区域土地利用规划的黄河口湿地退缩风险分析

为了解未来15 a土地利用长期规划对湿地变化的影响,明确建设用地扩张对湿地的威胁,揭示湿地丧失的潜在风险,制定积极的湿地保护策略,根据山东省垦利县2005年TM影像和2005-2020年土地利用规划数据,运用空间分析方法,分析了规划期间建设用地扩展对区域湿地的侵占威胁,并对湿地退缩的潜在风险进行了评估。结果表明:①研究区域现状湿地面积为107 497.80 hm²,占全区总面积的46.32%,湿地资源丰富;湿地类型多;②根据现有规划,到2020年,研究区建设用地平均每年将增长542.50 hm² ;新增建设用地总量中,约29.54%是由湿地转换而来,湿地被建设用地扩展侵占比较严重;③规划期内,湿地面积呈下降趋势,约5 057.53 hm²的湿地将转变为建设用地;县域内各乡镇湿地减少的速度和幅度不同,区域差异较明显,其中董集乡和郝家镇变化幅度较大,垦利街道办事处、胜坨镇和永安镇也高于垦利县平均变化水平;在各类湿地类型的变化上,苇地减少幅度最大,15 a期间减少43.87%,灌溉水田面积减少最多,约2 211.75 hm²;④对湿地被建设侵占的风险分析表明,研究区内处于高风险的湿地面积共有17 024.45 hm²,低风险湿地面积约为29 846.89 hm²,无风险湿地面积为60 626.46 hm²,湿地损失的整体潜在风险较高。     

Relationships between distributions of longevous population and trace elements in the agricultural ecosystem of Rugao County,Jiangsu, China

Soil, plant, and water, as well as trace elements they contain, can influence human health through the food chain. A survey was conducted on distributions of trace elements in soils, plants, and drinking water in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province, China, an agricultural area with a high level of centenarians and nonagenarians. The ratio of people over 90 years old per 100,000 inhabitants (90-rate) based on village (about 4,000 residents in 4 km²) was correlated with trace elements in soil, drinking water, and rice by means of correlation analysis and/or principal component analysis. Although the average 90-rate in the whole area was as high as 277, the rates were not uniform across the entire region. The 90-rate in the area of loamy and strongly-developed Anthrosols and Cambosols was about 330, significantly higher than the 255 in the areas of sandy and strongly-developed Cambosols and of clayey and weakly-developed Cambosols. The concentrations of available Se, B, Ni, and Mo in soils of the area with the high 90-rate were markedly greater than those in the area with the low 90-rate. This was demonstrated by highly positive correlations between the 90-rate and available Se (r = 0.33), B (r = 0.21), Ni (r = 0.17) and Mo (r = 0.17) at the p < 0.01 level and high loadings of available Se (0.851), B (0.535), Ni (0.594) and Mo (0.394) in the longevous factor. Similar relationships between the available elements in soils and elements in water and rice were found. These results suggest that: (1) the available forms of elements in soil were more crucial to elemental bio-availability in the ecosystem and human health than total elements in soil; and (2) the element association above might have affected the 90-rate positively and could be an important environmental geochemical factor influencing the longevity of humans.     

洛坝铅锌矿废弃不同时间渣地植被恢复演替动态

对甘肃省徽县洛坝铅锌矿不同废弃时间的废渣地进行的化学分析表明,其主要污染物为重金属Pb和Zn,其w(Pb)和w(Zn)最大值分别为6 298和480 800 mg/kg. 重金属在废渣地中的质量分数随废弃时间的增长而减少;对废渣地恢复植被演替调查发现,Pb和Zn是影响植物自然演替的限制因子. 在现场考察的基础上对洛坝废渣地进行了植被恢复演替调查. 结果表明:从废弃时间序列上看,废渣地植物种类在增加、荒漠化在逆转,3,6和11 a的废渣地植物数分别为12,17和40种;从废渣地植被恢复演替序列上看,各时期植物都在更替,3 a废渣地以野艾蒿(Artemisia vulgaris)+升马塘(Digitaria sanguinalis)+车前草(Plantago asiatica)群落为主;6 a废渣地以野艾蒿+针叶蒿(Tripolium vulgare)+商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)+小蓬草(Erigeron annuu)群落为主;11 a废渣地又增加有固氮植物三叶草(Trifolium pratense)、苜蓿(Medicago lupulina)及紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)的成功定居,已形成草-灌-乔简单植被结构.      

基本农田调整划定方案合理性评价研究——以广东省龙门县为例

现阶段基本农田调整划定方案审查验收要点散见于相关政策要求和技术规程中,地方在落实基本农田方案时存在“划远不划近”、“划劣不划优”等现象,在实践层面缺乏一套对基本农田调整划定方案合理性进行有效评价的方法体系。论文从“数量不减少、质量有提高”的调整划定原则出发,尝试构建一套数量、质量兼顾的评价指标体系,其中约束指标是以法律法规和技术规程的相关要求为评价准则进行分值修正,质量控制指标是以调整划定前的现状为基准,通过对比分析后修正指标分值。而后基于约束指标和质量控制指标得分对调整划定后的方案进行评价,并以广东省龙门县为例进行了实证分析。研究结果表明龙门县基本农田调整划定方案在数量、质量方面符合相关规定,验证了方法体系的可行性。