中国城市工业污染强度与经济增长耦合关系

利用幂函数模型对中国46个重点城市1993-2006年人均GDP和7项工业污染强度指标进行曲线拟合,用于描述和分析我国城市经济发展与工业污染强度的耦合状态,经模型推导提出了“效率弹性系数”,作为度量城市经济与工业污染控制协调发展程度的指标。拟合统计结果显示,中国城市工业污染强度与经济增长的关系曲线形状有明显的幂函数特征。样本城市在“曲线簇”中的位置能揭示“后发优势”以及经济-环境耦合水平优劣的信息。对样本城市效率弹性系数的统计分析证明,该系数可以作为城市经济环境管理的决策依据。     

中新生态城土壤质量现状及改良利用途径

对中新生态城区域内土壤的紧实度、有机质、碱解氮、土壤盐分、酸碱度、地表水、地下水进行了调查取样分析,结果表明该区土壤容重在1.3～1.7g/cm3,有机质含量大多为中等或低水平（5.5～19.1g/kg）,速效氮与土壤有机质含量相关性达显著水平（r=0.98）。盐分垂直分布上表现为果园、农田土壤盐分含量小于1.5g/kg,荒地和水库含量在5.0～6.4g/kg之间,垫土区、养殖池和盐场盐池土壤通体盐分含量高（大于10g/kg）,且存在表聚现象,超出了一般植物生长的极限。土壤酸碱度为7.81～9.05,水库、养殖池、盐场、荒地、沟塘水的矿化度均在10g/L以上,蓟运河水和农田沟渠为5000mg/L～8500mg/L,果园灌溉水的矿化度也在2000mg/L以上,地下水矿化度高,埋藏浅。并针对以上特点提出其土壤改良利用途径和绿化建设模式。     

The Impact on Environmental Kuznets Curve by Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in China

1 INTRODUCTIONAs the globalization of world economy speeds up,international trade and foreign investment mainly bytransnational corporations are continuously expanding.It is against this background that the relationship betweentrade, FDI, economic growth and environmental pollutionstarted to attract close attention from scholars both athome and abroad (Dean, 1992; 2001; Copeland andTaylor, 2003; OECD, 1997; Beladi, 1999; MA, 2003).Although the idea that "economy and environment win-w…     

Problem driver remediation: a meta-analysis of the driver improvement literature

PROBLEM: Given the public safety risk posed by violation and crash repeaters and the substantial costs for state driver improvement programs, it is important that their effectiveness be scientifically demonstrated and that intervention programs are based on sound research findings. METHOD: Crash and traffic violation standardized effect sizes (d) representing 106 individual interventions were coded from 35 methodologically sound studies and analyzed using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Driver improvement intervention in general was associated with small but significant reductions in both crashes (dw = 0.03) and violations (dw = 0.06). Significant effects were found on both measures for warning letters, group meetings, individual hearings, and license suspense/revocation. Of the driver improvement interventions studied, license suspension/revocation was by far the most effective treatment for both crashes and violations (dw = 0.11 and 0.19). Since one of the objectives of license suspension/revocation is to eliminate driving for the period of suspension, it is possible that much or all of the effect is due to reduced exposure and/or more careful driving during the suspension interval. Results were mixed for other types of interventions, although distributing educational or informational material was not associated with any reductions. Interventions associated with violation reduction tended to also be associated with crash reduction, although the relationship was not very strong (r = .30). DISCUSSION: Although interpretation of the effect size estimates was complicated by almost ubiquitous heterogeneity, the results do suggest an overall positive impact of driver improvement interventions in general. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results support the continued use of driver improvement interventions, chiefly warning letters, group meetings, individual hearings, and especially license suspension/revocation. The results also suggest that court-triggered traffic violator programs are less effective than interventions triggered by drivers license agencies.     

四川省中低产田土的综合治理

本文以四川中低产田土综合治理实况为例,着重论述了自然灾害对农业生态系统的严重危害,从而阐明了改造中低产田土对提高经济、生态、社会三大效益的重要性和紧迫性,并从省情出发,总结提出当前乃至今后相当一个时期,农业部门所应采取的几项行之有效的措施,展望了2000年前景。     

利用小样本数据预处理技术提高效能指标精度

提出了运用熵值判别法和线性均方估计法来处理小样本数据的方法.熵值判别法是根据熵的上界对应最大的不确定度,利用所得数据的熵信息量判别数据是否含有粗大误差;线性均方估计消除粗大误差是一种采用软化的方法处理粗大误差.经过多次试验,结果表明这两种方法在处理小样本采样数据时能够有效地提高数据精度.     

区域环境噪声达标区建设浅析

环境噪声达标区建设是环境噪声污染防治从单项点源治理走向面源综合治理,从定性管理走向定量管理的一项有效措施。介绍了大连市金州区环境保护局率先采用网格法开展区域环境噪声达标区创建工作,工程面积达20km^2,并通过专家鉴定验收。环境噪声达标区的建设为加速城市环境噪声污染综合整治,提高区域声环境质量打下良好的基础。     

人类抗灾体适能培养途径的研究

在<人类抗灾体适能的理论架构的研究>的基础上,通过问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法、查阅资料法、逻辑分析法等,进一步确认了人类抗灾体适能的概念、影响因素等;并分析了通过体育教育培养人类抗灾体适能的可行性,认为体育教育中人类抗灾体适能的培养途径有体育竞赛、长时间的球类活动、中长跑、长时间的健美操、游泳、定向越野与野外生存等.     

国内长输管道HSE管理的缺陷及改进措施

介绍了国外长输管道的管理现状,指出国内长输管道HSE管理的缺陷,针对这些存在问题,提出了改进措施。     

浅谈流动分析测定烤烟总氮含量方法的改进

对不同的样品处理及测定范围下总氮测定值的变化进行对比,筛选出改进方法,并对改进后进行测定的结果进行了分析。在0．1～0．5工作范围下,标准工作液浓度与吸光度之间的相关系数r=0．99995,呈极显著相关;方法平均回收率99．6％,回收较好;使用共同试验样及国家基准样进行比对分析,测定结果与参考值不存在明显差异,即不存在系统误差。