市政污泥用于矿区土壤改良的污染风险评估及配比分析

通过土柱淋溶试验,分析了市政污泥在矿山土壤改良中重金属污染风险,探讨了市政污泥用于矿区土壤改良的可行性,并确定了土壤污泥最佳混掺比例。结果表明:景山高岭土矿区土壤除速效磷含量较高外,其余养分含量分级为四—五级,即"低—很低";市政污泥除速效钾含量较低外,其余养分含量分级均远大于一级"很高";永春污水处理厂污泥为B级农用污泥,可施用于油料作物、果树、饲料作物、纤维作物,不能施用于蔬菜、粮食作物;按各处理配比进行污泥的适量施用造成地下水污染风险较小;综合考虑土壤肥力及重金属污染因素,该矿区最佳土壤、市政污泥干重混掺比为5∶2。     

GAC-石英砂滤池处理高氨氮原水的生产研究

以广州市珠江流溪河下游为水源,采用GAC-石英砂滤池处理沉淀池出水,研究了该工艺对枯水期高氨氮原水的去除规律及其影响因素。结果表明:GAC-石英砂滤池滤与普通砂滤池相比氨氮的去除显著提高,滤后水氨氮平均值为2.08mg/L,去除量约为1.0mg/L,去除率为33.8%。研究显示氨氮处理效果受余氯的灭菌作用、溶解氧不足、原水水质下降、pH值不足、活性炭滤料吸附性能下降、空床接触时间短、反冲洗周期与强度的影响。建议降低前投氯而加强后投氯量,同时使用无氯水进行反冲洗;保持滤后水溶解氧在2～4mg/L且pH值7.5;延长反冲洗周期至36h;适当降低运行负荷可提高GAC-石英砂滤池对氨氮的去除效果。     

应用HSE观察促进管理改进

介绍了中国石化HSE观察的应用背景与目的,重点探讨了对HSE观察问题的处理与分析,及其对管理的促进。     

气相色谱法测定空气和废气中氯乙烯的改进

因填充柱装柱繁琐,柱效低,最低检出浓度高,不能判别无组织废气中氯乙烯的浓度是否达到《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297—1996）排放限值的要求;用毛细管柱能满足分析的要求。     

二苯碳酰二肼光度法测定水中六价铬方法的改进

对比了6种酸体系对二苯碳酰二肼光度法测量六价铬的影响,得出盐酸体系步骤简化。分析速度快,易操作。线性关系、精密度、准确度能得到保证。     

Performance evaluation of process industries resilience: Risk-based with a network approach

Risk management can be defined as coordinated activities to conduct and control an organization with consideration of risk. Recently, risk management strategies have been developed to change the approach to hazards and risks. Resilience as a safety management theory considers the technical and social aspects of systems simultaneously. Resilience in process industries, as a socio-technical system, has four aspects of early detection, error-tolerant design, flexibility, and recoverability. Meanwhile, process industries' resilience has three phases: avoidance, survival, and recovery, determining the transition between normal state, process upset event, and catastrophic event. There may be various technical and social failures such as regulatory and human or organizational items that can lead to upset or catastrophic events. In the avoidance phase, the upset event is predicted, and thus, the system remains in a normal state. For the survival phase, the system state is assumed to be an upset process event, and the system tries to survive through the unhealthy process conditions or remains in the same state, probably with low performance. In the recovery phase, the system is supposed to be catastrophic, and the emergency barriers are prioritized to show the severity of the consequences and response time, leading to a resumption of a normal state. Therefore, a resilience-based network can be designed for process industries to show its inherent dynamic transition in nature. In this study, network data envelopment analysis (DEA), as a mathematical model, is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of the process industries regarding a network transition approach based on the system's internal structure. First, a resilience-based network is designed to consist of three states of normal, upset, and catastrophic events. Then, the efficiency of each industrial department, which is defined as decision-making units (DMUs), is evaluated using network DEA. As a case study, a refinery that is considered a critical process industry is assessed. Using the proposed model shows the efficient and inefficient DMUs in each of three states of normal, upset, and catastrophic events of the process and the projection onto efficient frontiers. Besides calculating the network efficiency, the performance of each state is extracted to precisely differentiate between DMUs. The results of this study, which is one of the fewest cases in the area of performance evaluation of process industries with a network approach, indicated a robust viewpoint for monitoring and assessment of risks.     

Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using Jatropha biodiesel with alumina nanoparticles

Biodiesels have come up as a very strong alternative for diesel fuel. Biodiesels such as Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester (JOME) are comparable in performance with that of the diesel engine. The thermal efficiency of engines fuelled with biodiesels was found lower than conventional diesel fuel but due to the bio-origin, the emission characteristics are much better. However, biodiesel increases the NOx emissions as these are rich in oxygen, hence nanoparticles are used in this experiment to curb the high temperatures and reduce the NOx formation. The experiment on naturally aspired diesel engine was conducted with four prepared test fuels other than neat diesel and neat biodiesel. The 50 and 150 of alumina nanoparticles were added separately to the pure diesel and pure Jatropha biodiesel to form the nano emulsions using ultrasonicator. The properties of nanoemulsion were evaluated using dynamic light scattering technique using zetasizer. The performance and emission characteristics of multi-cylinder diesel engine with these nanoemulsions were compared with that of neat fuels. The results showed that using nanoparticles with diesel and biodiesel can contribute in a more efficient, economical, and eco-friendly engine operation.     

包头市水环境综合整治对策研究

为从根本上改善包头市水环境质量,按照国家环境保护模范城市的标准,全面开展包头市水环境综合整治工作,推进水环境污染防治工作.在对包头市水环境现状进行全面分析的基础上,提出以保护水源地为重点,针对工业源、城镇生活源、农业面源等方面提出整治对策建议,通过重点工程的实施,削减污染物排放总量,使包头市各水体水质达到功能区要求.     

高速铁路粉土路基改良试验研究

高速铁路路基稳定性决定了列车运行的舒适度和安全性.粉土作为强度低、水稳定性差、渗透性较强的特殊地层给高速铁路路基的稳定性带来了极大的隐患.本文分析了京沪高速铁路新长段粉土的基本工程力学性质,并对该粉土路基进行了室内水泥改良试验,以为高速铁路路基改良设计和施工提供试验依据和建议.     

江安河武侯区段水质改善的环境经济效益研究

根据成都市江安河武侯区段2010年11月-2011年3月的水质监测数据,结合中国地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)和四川省实际确定水体中各污染物因子的本底浓度对该区段污水处理环境效益进行了分析。首先通过污染经济损失模型计算COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP、SS和硫化物对水经济价值的损失率,然后在讨论COD、NH3-N、TP和硫化物减排情况的基础上计算了各种污染指标减排至达标后所产生的环境经济效益。研究结果表明,江安河武侯区段水体污染的综合污染损失率高达99.99%,如果各种污染物减排达标至IV类标准产生的环境经济效益14 912万元人民币/a,而减排达标至III类标准产生的环境经济效益更是高达15 786万元人民币/a。