YSI 6600传感器在太湖蓝藻预警工作中的应用

通过对太湖饮用水源地2个取水口水体中的蓝藻密度(CBD)和叶绿素(Chl)分别进行 YSI 6600-v2水质多参数仪和实验室显微镜检分析,探讨了CBD和Chl在预警工作中的应用.结果表明,在CBD与Chl相关性显著时期内,藻类群落结构相对稳定;CBD和Chl相关性不显著时期内,藻类群落结构变化较大.ρ(CBD)/ρ(...     

Genotoxic effects of microcystins mediated by nitric oxide and mitochondria

<正>Microcystins are potent toxins,produced naturally by cyanobacteria(blue green algae),and they present significant threats to human and animal health(WHO,1999;Chorus,2001;Carmichael et al.,2001;Falconer,2005;IARC,2010;Ma et al.,2015).These cyclic peptides consist of five common core amino     

Nutrients regeneration pathway, release potential, transformation pattern and algal utilization strategies jointly drove cyanobacterial growth and their succession

In order to better understand the contribution of nutrients regeneration pathway, release potential and transformation pattern to cyanobacterial growth and succession, 7 sampling sites in Lake Chaohu with different bloom degree were studied every two months from February to November 2018. The carbon, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) forms or fractions in surface, interstitial water and sediments as well as extracellular enzymatic activities, P sorption, specific microbial abundance and community composition in sediments were analyzed. P regeneration pathway was dominated by iron-bound P desorption and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solubilization in severe-bloom and slight-bloom area respectively, which both resulted in high soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) accumulation in interstitial water. However, in severe-bloom area, higher P release potential caused the strong P release and algal growth, compared to slight-bloom area. In spring, P limitation and N selective assimilation of Dolichospermum facilitated nitrate accumulation in surface water, which provided enough N source for the initiation of Microcystis bloom. In summer, the accumulated organic N in Dolichospermum cells during its bloom was re-mineralized as ammonium to replenish N source for the sustainable development of Microcystis bloom. Furthermore, SRP continuous release led to the replacement of Dolichospermum by Microcystis with the advantage of P quick utilization, transport and storage. Taken together, the succession from Dolichospermum to Microcystis was due to both the different forms of N and P in water column mediated by different regeneration and transformation pathways as well as release potential, and algal N and P utilization strategies.     

First report of microcystin production in Microcystis smithii Komrek and Anagnostidis(Cyanobacteria) from a water bloom in Eastern China

A water bloom sample collected from Lake Dishui in Shanghai was characterized.The morphological identification showed that Micorcystis wesenbergii and Micorcystis smithii were the main component of the bloom.Five strains of M.smithii were successfully isolated.Their 16S rRNA gene sequences based phylogenetic tree showed that the five strains of M.smithii intermixed with strains of other morphospecies in Microcystis.A fragment of mcy gene encoding for microcystin synthetase was detected in one of the five M....     

环境DNA宏条形码技术在蓝藻群落监测中的应用

全球气候变化下的蓝藻水华大规模暴发成为重要的环境问题,对蓝藻准确、高效和实时的监测是蓝藻水华防控的关键.近年来,环境DNA（environmental DNA,eDNA）宏条形码技术开始应用于蓝藻群落监测,弥补了显微镜镜检法物种鉴定难和受主观经验影响大的缺点.eDNA宏条形码为快速和大规模蓝藻群落监测提供了可能,其应用尚处于初步探索阶段,数据处理方法尚不成熟,因此有必要从引物选择、序列聚类、注释方法和绝对定量4个层面系统综述eDNA宏条形码技术在蓝藻群落监测中的研究进展,以推进eDNA宏条形码在蓝藻群落监测中的应用.引物选择应针对目标蓝藻类群,16S rRNA基因数据库涵盖蓝藻物种范围广,是最常用的eDNA宏条形码,但16S-23S rRNA基因间隔区域（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）和功能基因在属内物种间具有较好的区分效果,为eDNA宏条形码在蓝藻物种水平注释提供可能.序列聚类一般通过设定物种间分类阈值进行OTUs聚类,但可能丢失序列相似度高于分类阈值的不同物种;序列差异低至单核苷酸变异方法的应用进一步区分了隐蔽的物种和生态型,产生的序列具有生物学意义,可以实现跨数据集间的比较分析.在注释方法上,基于数据库参考序列距离相似度的注释方法,注释结果的分辨率和准确度不高;基于系统进化位置的注释方法,提升了注释结果的准确度,反映了物种间的进化关系.加入外源DNA的内标法,以及基于细胞体积和基因拷贝数目关系的细胞体积校正系数法为eDNA宏条形码物种丰度的绝对定量提供了可能.      

Influence of toxic cyanobacteria on community structure and microcystin accumulation of freshwater molluscs

Community structure and microcystin accumulation of freshwater molluscs were studied before and after cyanobacterial proliferations, in order to assess the impact of toxic blooms on molluscs and the risk of microcystin transfer in food web. Observed decrease in mollusc abundance and changes in species richness in highly contaminated waters were not significant; however, relative abundances of taxa (prosobranchs, pulmonates, bivalves) were significantly different before and after cyanobacterial bloom. Pulmonates constituted the dominant taxon, and bivalves never occurred after bloom. Microcystin accumulation was significantly higher in molluscs from highly (versus lowly) contaminated waters, in adults (versus juveniles) and in pulmonates (versus prosobranchs and bivalves). Results are discussed according to the ecology of molluscs, their sensitivity and their ability to detoxify.     

2,2’,4,4’—四溴联苯醚对2种赤潮微藻种间竞争的影响

基于Logistic种群增长模型,研究了2,2’,4,4’—四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)的亚急性毒性胁迫对不同初始接种生物量比的赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigmaakashiwo)和米氏凯伦藻(Kareniamikimotoi)种间作用的影响.结果发现:不同的初始接种生物量比影响微藻间的竞争.加入0.05、0.25 mg/LBDE-47后,对于K. mikimotoi而言,不同初始生物量比的处理组表现出高浓度组的最大环境容纳量、种群瞬时增长率均大于低浓度组(P<0.05),而H. akashiwo高浓度组的最大环境容纳量、种群瞬时增长率均小于低浓度组(P<0.05).微藻之间的竞争表现出向着对K. mikimotoi有益方向发展的规律,因此一定浓度下的BDE-47干扰了两种微藻之间的竞争.     

Accumulation of free and covalently bound microcystins in tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) following toxic cyanobacteria or dissolved microcystin-LR exposure

Accumulation of free microcystins (MCs) in freshwater gastropods has been demonstrated but accumulation of MCs covalently bound to tissues has never been considered so far. Here, we follow the accumulation of total (free and bound) MCs in Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to i) dissolved MC-LR (33 and 100 μg L⁻¹) and ii) Planktothrix agardhii suspensions producing 5 and 33 μg MC-LR equivalents L⁻¹ over a 5-week period, and after a 3-week depuration period. Snails exposed to dissolved MC-LR accumulated up to 0.26 μg total MCs g⁻¹ dry weight (DW), with no detection of bound MCs. Snails exposed to MCs producing P. agardhii accumulated up to 69.9 μg total MCs g⁻¹ DW, of which from 17.7 to 66.7% were bound. After depuration, up to 15.3 μg g⁻¹ DW of bound MCs were detected in snails previously exposed to toxic cyanobacteria, representing a potential source of MCs transfer through the food web.     

蓝绿藻的生态学研究进展

在适宜的环境条件下，蓝绿藻在水中易形成水花，危害人群健康，各国学者对蓝绿藻进行过大量的生态不研究，近20年来的研究表明，蓝绿藻的生长和产毒，受光照、温度、氮磷、微量元素、溶解氧、叶绿素含量等多种环境因素的影响，这些因素的共同作用，导致了蓝绿藻生长及产毒水平的波动，也造成了水体中优势藻的季节性变化。