克孜尔水库大坝典型坝段的高密度电法检测

介绍了高密度电法检测应用背景、基本原理与技术参数,对克孜尔大坝典型坝段的检测资料进行了分析和推断.结果显示,主坝电阻率相对均匀且视电阻率值高于副坝,说明主坝密实程度优于副坝,施工质量控制主坝高于副坝.对于副坝段的某2段低阻异常带,初步判定为坝体含水率较高所致.最后给出初步结论与建议.     

What factors control soil profile nitrogen storage?

Factors influencing soil profile nitrogen storage (SPNS) in GB have been investigated. The SPNS values of moorland peats and podzols in the South Pennines, of permanent grassland in Yorkshire, and of adjacent arable-, semi-permanent grassland- and ancient woodland-soils in Worcestershire have been compared to assess land use effects. The soils exhibited similar SPNS values, because changes in bulk density and organic matter composition offset increases in N concentrations in highly organic soils. Data from the Soil Survey of Scotland were used to show effects of soil parent material on SPNS were also small. Data on Scottish podzol soils under heather moorland and derived from sandstone or quartzite were used to show that SPNS declined with increasing precipitation, but increased with the amount of pollutant N deposited from the atmosphere.     

云南生命线工程及水工结构的地震灾害损失研究

云南地震灾害频发,生命线工程和水工结构破坏严重.本文对1993～2003年云南地区生命线工程和水工结构(常称"水利设施")的震害损失进行了研究.结果表明:①随着社会经济的发展,同等地震能量所造成的经济损失呈增大趋势;②生命线工程及水工结构的地震灾害损失随震级的增大而显著增大;③生命线工程和水利设施占总损失比例的算术平均值之和没有表现出明显的变化特征,较为接近,占11.4%～16.2%.     

高密度电法在采空区勘测中的应用

通过一工程勘测实例,分析了高密度电法中常用的Wennerα装置和四极测深装置(Wenner-Schlumberger)的适应特征.认为,勘测浅层(如15m内)的采空区或地质灾害异常体时,以四极测深装置为好,对深层(如50m以上)则用Wenner装置为好.地层性质和饱水状态不同地区所测的视电阻率,即使在同一深度(或层位)上,其所表达的意义是不同的,不能用这种资料来作平面等值线图并以此图件来寻找采空区或其它地质灾害异常体.     

简化MSBR系统污泥量计算方法

第3代MSBR工艺的系统分7个单元，计算污泥泥龄时必须知道系统污泥总量，而在日常运行管理中，一般只须测定对工艺调整起重要作用的3、6单元MLSS质量浓度；对能否利用已测MLSS质量浓度值计算系统平均污泥浓度值进行了初步探讨。     

Do Highways Influence Density of Land Birds?

Phylloscopus trochilus ), crossbills (Loxia spp.), and tree pipit (Anthus trivialis). The composition of the bird community did not vary significantly between the compared transects. Some species appeared to favour road–forest edges but this could not be confirmed with our data. These species were not the same as have been reported to favor clear-fellings–mature forest edges. Therefore, the edge effect does not seem to be the most important factor controlling relative bird densities immediately adjacent and further away from highways. The likelihood of avoiding the problems the highways are causing for bird density are been discussed.     

絮凝体形态学和密度的探讨(Ⅱ)——致密型絮凝体形成操作模式

论述了致密型絮凝剂形成操作的两种模式：脱水收缩和逐一附着，前者通过长时间机械搅拌进行，后者通过上向流造粒流化床操作进行。实验结果表明，两操作均可生成接近于球形的致密化团粒，但脱水收缩条件下生成的团粒仍具有颗粒有效密度随粒径增大而降低的特点，其分形维数为２．４０－２．４７，而逐一附着条件下生成的团粒密度基本上与粒径无关，可认为其分开维数接近于３。通过讨论上向流造粒流化床操作条件，并将实验得到的致密型     

Bandwidth determination for kernel density analysis of wildfire events at forest sub-district scale

Forest fire is regarded as one of the most significant factors leading to land degradation. While evaluating fire hazard or producing fire risk zone maps, quantitative analyses using historic fire data is often required, and during all these modeling and multi-criteria analysis processes, the fire event itself is taken as the dependent variable. However, there are two main problematic issues in analyzing historic fire data. The first difficulty arises from the fact that it is in point format, whereas a continuous surface is frequently needed for statistically analyzing the relationship of fire events with other factors, such as anthropogenic, topographic and climatic conditions. Another, and probably the most bothersome challenge is to overcome inaccuracy inherent in historic fire data in point format, since the exact coordinates of ignition points are mostly unknown. In this study, kernel density mapping, a widely used method for converting discrete point data into a continuous raster surface, was used to map the historic fire data in Mumcular Forest Sub-district in Mu?la, Turkey. The historic fire data was transferred onto the digital forest stand map of the study area, where the exact locations of ignition points are unknown; however, the exact number of ignition points in each compartment of the forest stand map is known. Different random distributions of ignition points were produced, and for each random distribution, kernel density maps were produced by applying two distinct kernel functions with several smoothing parameter options. The obtained maps were compared through correlation analysis in order to illustrate the effect of randomness, choice of kernel function and smoothing parameter. The proposed method gives a range of values rather than a single bandwidth value; however, it provides a more reliable way than comparing the maps with different bandwidths subjectively by eye.     

Wood Density as a Conservation Tool: Quantification of Disturbance and Identification of Conservation‐Priority Areas in Tropical Forests

Abstract: Inventories of tree species are often conducted to guide conservation efforts in tropical forests. Such surveys are time consuming, demanding of expertise, and expensive to perform and interpret. Approaches to make survey efforts simpler or more effective would be valuable. In particular, it would be good to be able to easily identify areas of old‐growth forest. The average density of the wood of a tree species is closely linked to its successional status. We used tree inventory data from eastern Borneo to determine whether wood density can be used to quantify forest disturbance and conservation importance. The average density of wood in a plot was significantly and negatively related to disturbance levels, with plots with higher wood densities occurring almost exclusively in old‐growth forests. Average wood density was unimodally related to the diversity of tree species, indicating that the average wood density in a plot might be a better indicator of old‐growth forest than species diversity. In addition, Borneo endemics had significantly heavier wood than species that are common throughout the Malesian region, and they were more common in plots with higher average wood density. We concluded that wood density at the plot level could be a powerful tool for identifying areas of conservation priority in the tropical rain forests of Southeast Asia.     

林地变为玉米地后土壤轻质部分有机碳的13C/12C比值的变化

为了观察森林生态系统转变为农业生态系统后土壤有机碳的变化，选择贵州喀斯特森林区为研究对象，采集了林地和邻近的玉米地土壤剖面样品，并按土壤密度把土壤样品分级成轻质部分和重质部分。林地和玉米地土壤均为石灰土。玉米地土壤风化相对较强，淋溶严重而贫瘠，并且所返还的植物残留物数量很少。实验结果表明，林地土壤轻质部分的(13C值明显低于重质部分，而玉米地土壤轻质部分的(13C值明显高于重质部分，说明植物残留物首先进入到轻质部分。然而，由于当地的耕作习惯，输入到玉米地土壤轻质部分的玉米残留物的数量很少，只有48%，这是初级生产力低下的主要原因。