面向Web的环境信息系统设计与实现

从开发的角度阐述了解决降低环境空间数据采集成本、提高环境信息的共享程度和范围的最佳途径，即通过建立面向Web的环境信息系统（Web-EIS），使不同部门、不同地区、不同领域之间直接进行信息共享和综合应用。对Web-EIS的构架、设计和实现方法进行了详细的分析，并以利用Java编程语言的方法开发出面向Web的武汉市城市环境地理信息系统为例介绍了其功能特点，很好地实现了Web-EIS。     

如何提高县级环境监测数据的利用率

目前环境监测任务日益加重,监测数据日益增多,但是很多监测站数据的利用率和可利用性并没有随之提高。很多监测部门都存在盲目地攀比数据的数量,将监测数据的数量作为工作量或成绩的见证,而从来不提监测数据的可利用性和利用率。在此就目前存在的一些问题及如何提高县级监测数据的利用率进行了探讨,提出了通过优化监测工作和规范监测数据等来提高监测数据的可利用性和利用率,从而为县级环境监测站的监测工作提供借鉴。     

A data support infrastructure for Clean Development Mechanism forestry implementation: an inventory perspective from Cameroon

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) forestry project development requires highly multi-disciplinary and multiple-source information that can be complex, cumbersome and costly to acquire. Yet developing countries in which CDM projects are created and implemented are often data poor environments and unable to meet such complex information requirements. Using Cameroon as an example, the present paper explores the structure of an enabling host country data support infrastructure for CDM forestry implementation, and also assesses the supply potential of current forestry information. Results include a conceptual data model of CDM project data needs; the list of meso- and macro-level data and information requirements (Demand analysis); and an inventory of relevant data available in Cameroon (Supply analysis). From a comparison of demand and supply, we confirm that data availability and the relevant infrastructure for data or information generation is inadequate for supporting carbon forestry at the micro, meso and macro-levels in Cameroon. The results suggest that current CDM afforestation and reforestation information demands are almost impenetrable for local communities in host countries and pose a number of cross-scale barriers to project adoption. More importantly, we identify proactive regulatory, institutional and capacity building policy strategies for forest data management improvements that could enhance biosphere carbon management uptake in poor countries. CDM forestry information research needs are also highlighted.     

仓库火灾特点、原因及防范对策探讨

分析某地仓库火灾的统计数据,归纳总结了仓库火灾特点,得出仓库火灾的主要原因,并按照"3E对策"的原则,从安全技术、安全教育、安全管理三个方面提出预防与控制仓库火灾对策.     

HTPB推进剂自然环境加速老化试验方法研究

目的建立一种HTPB推进剂自然环境加速老化试验方法。方法研发一套户外热循环自然环境加速试验装置,可以模拟和强化太阳辐射对HTPB推进剂的热效应和昼夜温差冲击效应,并保持环境温度日夜温差循环、季节温差循环的特点。利用该装置,在海南万宁试验站户外暴露场开展HTPB推进剂自然环境加速老化试验及其验证试验,设定试验最高温度不超过70℃,并同期开展HTPB推进剂库房贮存试验。从模拟性、加速性、重现性评价自然环境加速老化试验方法的可信度。结果随着老化时间的延长,最大拉伸强度保留率波动下降,可作为HTPB推进剂敏感力学参数。与该推进剂在库房贮存不同时间的最大拉伸强度保留率相比,在置信度为99%,两种试验方法的Spearman秩相关系数为0.93时,自然环境加速老化试验方法对于库房贮存试验方法的加速倍率为5倍,自然环境加速老化试验重现性良好。结论建立了一种适用于HTPB推进剂的简单易行、模拟性强、加速倍率高的自然环境加速老化试验方法,能再现HTPB推进剂在实际库房贮存的力学性能变化规律。     

黄石市环境信息管理系统的开发与应用

从开发和应用的角度，详细阐述了在WebGIS技术支撑下，利用Java编程语言的方法开发出的黄石市环境信息管理系统开发的技术路线，体系结构，数据组织和系统模块的构建,该系统能够更好地降低环境空间数据采集成本，提高环境信息的共享程序和范围，实现污染源信息的实时查询和统计分析，提供多种总量控制的解决方案和多种专题图的编辑与管理工具，具有海量图库管理和模糊查询定位能力，此系统的建立，对于解决黄石市环境污染问题具有极大的社会效益和经济效益。     

一种优化的环境测点信息管理模型及其在环境质量数据管理系统中的应用

分析了环境质量数据管理系统中环境测点信息管理存在的问题。针对地理空间、时间、环境管理服务功能类别三类影响因素,提出了一种灵活、高适应性、结构和层次清晰的基础点位信息管理架构———三维矩阵单元式测点信息管理模型,在信息系统开发中有效地实现了通过通用化的环境测点子集机制来把特定的环境质量数据查询需求转化为数据提取的规范化、结构化流程,较好地解决了环境质量数据为环境管理服务的柔性适应性问题。     

‘Ecomálaga’: an ecosystem analysis of the Mediterranean coast around Málaga, Spain

In October 1992, the Oceanographic Centre of Málaga of the Spanish Oceanographical Institute (IEO) started a monitoring project,Ecomálaga, which collects physical, chemical, biological and sedimentological data from the Alborán Sea shelf. The project is coordinated with similar projects in the Atlantic and Mediterranean Centres of IEO. The ultimate objective is to, understand the long-term changes of the essential marine-environmental parameters. So far, nine quarterly surveys have been carried out—from October 1992 to December 1994. The following variables were registered:abiotic: location weather, water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate,biotic: zooplankton biomass and species composition, and ichthyoplankton. The granulometric composition and organic matter content of sediments are also included. Data are stored in a computerized data base named Ecomálaga Data Base, with contributions from geology, physics, plankton biology and marine chemistry. The data base not only contains separate files for each research topic, but also allows for interchange between these files, resulting in a synoptic data output. It offers the users an output in the form of synthetic records of each station sampled. The analysis of the data indicates seasonal influences and ainshore-offshore gradient, as well as an Atlantic influence on the stations located in the transect closest to the Strait of Gibraltar.