污染源水质自动监测系统数据质量保障措施研究

近年来,在我国工业化规模不断扩大、工业项目不断增多的影响下,水资源的污染问题愈发严峻,对人们的生命健康安全造成了巨大影响。所以,水质监测部门要充分利用先进的水质监测技术和设备,对污染源水质实施连续不间断的监测,有效提高水质监测数据质量。本文主要提出了几点保障污染源水质自动监测系统数据质量的措施,供相关人员借鉴采纳。     

危险化学品仓储事故演化规律及消防力量需求研究

危险化学品仓储火灾事故复杂,处置难度大,易引发事故多米诺效应,对人民的生命和财产造成严重威胁。本文分析了危化品仓储火灾爆炸事故的演化规律和事故风险,结合事故案例剖析危化品仓储火灾爆炸事故后果及对周边区域的影响。针对危险化学品仓储火灾爆炸事故,建立危化品仓储火灾扑救泡沫需求评价二级指标体系,采用模糊层次分析法建立了泡沫灭火剂用量评价数学模型,并根据救援力量类别需求、各种应急救援装备与作战人员需求建立危化品火灾消防力量需求预测模型,准确预测危化品仓储事故消防力量需求。     

Measuring and analyzing adaptive capacity at management levels of resilient systems

Resilience engineering (RE) is capable of handling disruptive events and controlling their consequences in process industries such as petrochemical plants. This study aims at analyzing the level of adaptive capacity and identifying effective factors on developing adaptive capacity in the organizational structure of process industries. The data of this study were obtained through direct observation and a structured questionnaire in a petrochemical plant. Managers at all levels participated in the survey. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical approach, was used to compute and analyze the role of the factors contributing to adaptive capacity. The results indicated that reporting safety issues played a central role in enhancing adaptive capacity at all management levels. Both middle management and low-level management emphasized the importance of management commitment, whereas top-level management considered flexibility as a vital factor in managing disruptions and reducing accidents. The findings of this study could be useful for managers and other decision-makers to improve safety in process industries.     

选煤厂毛煤仓仓顶除尘方案设计

以准能公司选煤厂毛煤仓仓顶为例,对其生产工艺系统和毛煤仓仓顶污染机理进行分析.基于此,采用气固两相流理论和数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了2种可行除尘方案的控尘机理,比较了各自的除尘效果.结果表明,毛煤仓顶皮带单独设置导料槽的除尘方式不能完全抑制粉尘逸出;若配合适当型号的除尘器,可在该处产生合理负压,有效控制粉尘逸出.该研究方法和手段可为选煤厂的粉尘治理提供理论和实践指导.     

江苏省太湖流域水环境信息共享平台集成关键技术及其应用

介绍了江苏省太湖流域水环境信息共享平台建设在环境信息交换、三维展示、联机分析处理、数据挖掘等关键技术的应用,以解决制约环境信息化共享的瓶颈。探索环境信息集成共享、多维展示、综合分析的设计思路和发展方向,以推动环境管理的现代化。     

环境质量监测数据综合管理平台的设计及应用

适应环境监测数据管理需求,开发了环境质量监测数据综合管理平台（以下简称“综合管理平台”）并在业务工作中推广应用。介绍了综合管理平台在监测数据传输与审核、数据库有效管理等方面的功能特点,并通过与传统的数据传输校验、审核管理方式的对比,重点阐述了综合管理平台在加强数据管理规范性、提高数据管理效率、保障监测数据质量等方面所具有的优势。     

Quality Science in the Courtroom: U.S. EPA Data Quality and Peer Review Policies and Procedures Compared to the Daubert Factors

Protection of the environment is critically dependent on the quality of data used in decision making. Whether the decisions are part of the scientific process or relate to application of the laws governing people and their living conditions, good quality data are required/needed by two disciplines with distinct differences. This paper examines some differences between science and the law, provides a brief history of science in law, discusses the effects of law on science, compares United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) guidance and U.S. Supreme Court credible science criteria. This paper further speculates on the future use of science data by the courts.     

Fluid bed gasification – Plasma converter process generating energy from solid waste: Experimental assessment of sulphur species

Often perceived as a Cinderella material, there is growing appreciation for solid waste as a renewable content thermal process feed. Nonetheless, research on solid waste gasification and sulphur mechanisms in particular is lacking. This paper presents results from two related experiments on a novel two stage gasification process, at demonstration scale, using a sulphur-enriched wood pellet feed.Notable SO₂ and relatively low COS levels (before gas cleaning) were interesting features of the trials, and not normally expected under reducing gasification conditions. Analysis suggests that localised oxygen rich regions within the fluid bed played a role in SO₂’s generation. The response of COS to sulphur in the feed was quite prompt, whereas SO₂ was more delayed. It is proposed that the bed material sequestered sulphur from the feed, later aiding SO₂ generation. The more reducing gas phase regions above the bed would have facilitated COS – hence its faster response. These results provide a useful insight, with further analysis on a suite of performed experiments underway, along with thermodynamic modelling.     

Performance of data acceptance criteria over 50 months from an automatic real-time environmental radiation surveillance network

The automatic real-time environmental radiation surveillance network of Catalonia (Spain) comprises two subnetworks; one with 9 aerosol monitors and the other with 8 Geiger monitors together with 2 water monitors located in the Ebre river. Since September 2006, several improvements were implemented in order to get better quality and quantity of data, allowing a more accurate data analysis. However, several causes (natural causes, equipment failure, artificial external causes and incidents in nuclear power plants) may produce radiological measured values mismatched with the own station background, whether spurious without significance or true radiological values. Thus, data analysis for a 50-month period was made and allowed to establish an easily implementable statistical criterion to find those values that require special attention. This criterion proved a very useful tool for creating a properly debugged database and to give a quick response to equipment failures or possible radiological incidents. This paper presents the results obtained from the criterion application, including the figures for the expected, raw and debugged data, percentages of missing data grouped by causes and radiological measurements from the networks. Finally, based on the discussed information, recommendations for the improvement of the network are identified to obtain better radiological information and analysis capabilities.     

欠发达地区农户生产效率研究——以西藏自治区为例

以西藏自治区为例,在2009年农户抽样调查数据基础上,利用数据包络法(DEA)探讨西藏不同区域农户生产效率,认为西藏农户生产效率差异与农业生产中自用价值的计算有关,若考虑自用价值,在固定生产规模报酬(CRS)假设下,平均生产效率为0.653,其中拉萨市最高(0.784),日喀则市最低(0.277);若不计入自用价值,山南与那曲地区呈现最高生产效率。表明西藏农户收入中自用价值占了较大比例,扣除自用价值,收入大幅减少,影响生产效率。因此,提高农牧户生产商品率是增加农牧民收入的有效途径。