废旧锌锰电池生物淋滤-水热法制备纳米锰锌铁氧体

以氧化硫硫杆菌(A.thiooxidans)和氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌(L.ferrooxidans)为混合淋滤菌株对废旧锌锰电池进行了生物浸提,并以获取的淋滤液为前驱体,采用水热法制备出系列锰锌铁氧体软磁材料(Mn_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4,x=0.2~0.8);结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEMEDX)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)等表征手段对制备材料的结构、形貌、磁学性能和稳定性进行分析.结果表明,在5%固液比(质量体积比,5 g/100 mL,以下均表述为"5%固液比")下,经过5 d的外源酸调控生物浸提,分别获得了84.5%、63.2%的Zn、Mn浸出效率;当Zn∶Mn∶Fe=0.4∶0.6∶2.0(物质的量比,即x=0.4)时,制备的纳米级Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4性能最优,属纯相的立方尖晶石结构,颗粒分布均匀,饱和磁化强度(M_s)、剩余磁化强度(M_r)和矫顽力(H_c)分别为68.9 emu·g~(-1)、4.7 emu·g~(-1)和53.6 Oe,具有热稳定性和耐酸碱性,有望成为一种新型的水处理磁性材料.     

高台位旱地石灰性紫色土培肥研究

本文研究了高台位旱地石灰性紫色土的肥力退化因子,并针对紫色母岩矿质养分丰富、易风化成土的特点,以一种培肥耕作法-聚土免耕耕作法培肥土壤。结果表明,采用此耕作法的土壤具有防蚀、抗旱、培肥和自调能力,能提高系统生产力。     

Research note on equity and ethics in state-promotion of agricultural products

Many state governments in the United States promote locally-produced farm products. This paper discusses issues related to the ethics and equity of such promotional programs. The paper argues that generic promotion is generally easier to justify in terms of ethics and equity than brand promotion. It also argues that informative and factual brand promotions are easier to justify than deceptive and persuasive brand promotions. Additional equity issues arising when taxpayers finance state-promotional programs are also discussed.     

现代灾害、灾害研究与灾害学

本文系统分析现代灾害的特点；评述灾害研究及灾害学的历史与现状，预测其发展趋势；探讨灾害学的基本范畴，界定其学科体系的总体框架，对灾害研究及灾害学发展中的几个重要问题提出认识与建议。     

EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR TROPHIC STATE IN SOUTHEASTERN U.S. LAKES AND RESERVOIRS1

ABSTRACT: A cross-sectional data set of 80 lakes and reservoirs in nine southeastern states was examined to specify and parameterize trophic state relationships. The relationships fitted are based on measurements of several limnological variables taken over the course of a growing season or year in each of the lakes. The trophic state models relate phosphorus and nitrogen loading to inlake phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, which in turn are related to maximum chlorophyll level, Secchi disk depth, dominant algal species, and hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen status. Due to the empirical nature of the study, causal conclusions are limited; rather, the models are most useful for prediction of average growing season conditions related to trophic state.     

MODEL STUDIES OF SALT WATER INTRUSION1

Model studies were and are still being used to verify certain theories in ground-water flow systems in general. In complex cases, the model studies may be extremely useful especially when a theoretical rigorous analysis does not exist. The models cannot be considered entirely satisfactory due to the several drawbacks in each type in addition to the normal human errors in experimentation. This paper is concerned only with the viscous flow models. However, a brief summary of the other types of models, which may possibly be used in connection with salt water intrusion problems is given. It should be noted that some of such experiments are not directly related to the field of salt water intrusion. Two main types lie within this category: The gravity flow systems which are analogous to some phases of salt intrusion problems and problems in oil fields which bear general similarities to sea water intrusion zones. In oil fields, gas cycling studies give valuable information to sea water problems. Model studies are used by hydraulic engineers, geologists, petroleum engineers, physicists, foundation engineers and several other professional groups.     

EFFECTS OF TIME STEP SIZE IN IMPLICIT DYNAMIC ROUTING1

ABSTRACT The effects of the size of the Δt time step used in the integration of the implicit difference equations of unsteady open-channel flow are determined for numerous typical hydrographs with durations in the order of days or even weeks. Truncation errors related to the size of the Δt time step cause a numerical distortion (dispersion and attenuation) of the computed transient. The magnitude of the distortion is related directly to the size of the time step, the length of channel reach, and the channel resistance and inversely to the time of rise of the hydrograph. The type of finite difference expression which replaces spatial derivatives and non-derivative terms in the partial differential equations of unsteady flow has an important influence on the magnitude of the numerical distortion, as well as the numerical stability of the implicit difference equations. Time step sizes in the range of 3 to 6 hrs generally tend to minimize the combination of required computation time and numerical distortion of transients having a time of rise of the order of several days.     

DETECTION OF FRESH WATER AQUIFERS IN THE GLACIAL DEPOSITS OF NORTHWESTERN MISSOURI BY GEOELECTRICAL METHODS1

Geoelectrical investigations in Grundy County of northwestern Missouri, where the groundwater resources of the glacial deposits have already been examined through an extensive drilling program by the Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, indicate that water-bearing gravel deposits can be distinguished from glacial deposits containing appreciable amounts of clay and limited amounts of water. The Schlumberger method used for the geoelectric depth soundings in the vicinity of the Survey's drillholes demonstrates the exploratory usefulness of the method in that it can partly replace the more expensive procedure of drilling. The method also provides improved interpretation between drillholes. Results of the investigation show that, in the area, clay has a resistivity below 20in, that the fresh water-bearing gravel at the bottom of the buried glacial stream channels has a resisitivity of 40 to 50fim, and that the near surface glacial gravel deposits have a resistivity above lOOfim. Interpretation of the depth soundings and the conductivity of water obtained from a local well implies that its water is drawn from the saline water of the bedrock. A recommendation is made for the quality improvement of this particular well.     

测定单个粒子的薄膜法及其应用

本文介绍改进后的薄膜法,主要是形态分析法和复合薄膜法。它们都是基于粒子和薄膜反应生成物的形态特征通过电镜来确定粒子成分的。前者可以检测单个酸性粒子,检出下限为７ ×１０－ １９ｇ;后者能同时检出一个粒子中所含的ＮＯ－３ 和ＳＯ２ －４ ,检出下限分别为３ ×１０－ １５ｇ 和７ ×１０－ １８ｇ。利用该方法对广州大气粒子进行了观察,结果表明改进后的薄膜法完全适用于对单个粒子的观察和测定。     

省沽油中硒含量及其测定方法研究

采用消化液硝酸／高氯酸消解法、硝酸-硫酸消解法和微波消解方法消化省沽油，用原子吸收分光光度法测定硒（Se）含量。比较了3种消解方法在测定省沽油中的硒含量。发现微波消解法测定野生省沽油（干菜）中Se含量准确性好、时间段效率高、对环境污染少、操作简单。