Modeling and predicting low-speed vehicle emissions as a function of driving kinematics

An instantaneous emission model was developed to model and predict the real driving emissions of the low-speed vehicles. The emission database used in the model was measured by using portable emission measurement system (PEMS) under actual traffic conditions in the rural area, and the characteristics of the emission data were determined in relation to the driving kinematics (speed and acceleration) of the low-speed vehicle. The input of the emission model is driving cycle, and the model requires instantaneous vehicle speed and acceleration levels as input variables and uses them to interpolate the pollutant emission rate maps to calculate the transient pollutant emission rates, which will be accumulated to calculate the total emissions released during the whole driving cycle. And the vehicle fuel consumption was determined through the carbon balance method. The model predicted the emissions and fuel consumption of an in-use low-speed vehicle type model, which agreed well with the measured data.     

基于遥感影像的1992—2002年昆明市城区扩张及驱动力分析

以TM＼ETM＋遥感影像为数据源,利用ERDAS软件经过几何校正、图像增强等处理,得到比较清晰的昆明市的遥感影像,再对其进行非监督分类,得到昆明市土地利用分类图,在土地利用分类图的基础上进行二值化处理。提取出1992年和2002昆明市主城区图,并把二者叠加,生成1992年-2002年昆明市城区城市扩张图。通过计算得出：1992年面积约为193．16km^2,同样可计算出2002年面积为258．09km^2,以年平均增长率为3．36％的速度迅速扩展,建成区扩展弹性系数为0．85,处于相对协调期,但要略低于合理值。扩展方向主要为以老城区为核心向东南、西南和东北三个方向呈“星形”扩展。通过综合分析影响昆明市扩展的各种因素发现：自然因素、交通因素是城市扩展的条件和基础,社会经济是城市扩展的内在推动力,规划、政策等对扩展起引导作用。     

太湖流域重污染区LUCC及驱动因素分析

通过对太湖流域重污染区1999年和2007年的2期遥感影像数据解译结果的分析,获取了太湖流域重污染区主要土地利用类型的信息,分析了8年来研究区内土地利用与覆被变化趋势,并对区域内土地利用/覆被变化的驱动因子进行了探讨。结果表明,从1999～2007年间,太湖流域重污染区内耕地面积减少,而林地、建设用地、园地、水域总体呈增加的趋势,其中减少的耕地主要转化为建设用地。在区域结构中,影响土地利用结构变化的驱动力因素主要是经济的发展、城市化进程推进、人口增长以及政策因素这4个方面,而研究区内经济的快速发展和人口的增长成为土地利用/覆被变化的关键因素。