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121.
顾国培 《石油化工环境保护》2000,(1):43-47
化肥厂尿素装置对大气的环境污染主要 塔顶部排放的尾气中氮及粉尘为主,治理尿素造粒塔的尘是改善化肥厂大气环境的关键,它既是一项环境保护措施,也是一项重要的节能降耗措施。 相似文献
122.
水泥行业为粉尘重污染行业 ,其粉尘治理的好坏 ,反映了其环境保护水平的高低。本文将结合目前水泥工业生产工艺及技术装备水平 ,从窑系统除尘器选择与使用到环境管理多个方面 ,分析提高其环境保护水平的途径 相似文献
123.
利用粉尘采样器采集沈阳市区十五个点的大气PM10,用四氯化碳进行萃取,在1730型FT-IR光谱仪上进行红外定量,制得沈阳市区大气PM10及其有机物含量分布图,找出规律,查出污染源。 相似文献
124.
为减少弱势人群居家安全伤害事故,采用分析法对某街道社区的医疗伤害监测系统数据进行分析,结合对儿童的问卷调查。结果显示,这个街道老年人、残疾人发生伤害事故比例最高的是跌倒,分析发生伤害的原因,除其身体因素外,缺乏居家安全防护设施及相适应的辅助工具是主要原因;儿童伤害主要是由于缺乏安全知识和好奇心导致。通过有针对性的对老人、儿童、残疾人的安全知识宣传和居家安全设施的改善可以降低伤害事故率。 相似文献
125.
Nearly 130 years ago Holtzwart and von Meyer (1891) demonstrated by experiments that explosible dust clouds could be ignited by inductive electric sparks. Then more than half a century passed before the publication of the important quantitative research of Boyle and Llewellyn (1950) and Line et al. (1959). They worked with capacitive electric sparks and found that the minimum capacitor energies ½CU2 required for ignition of various dust clouds in air decreased substantially when a large series resistance, in the range 104–107 Ω, was introduced in the discharge circuit. When considering that the net energies of the sparks themselves were only of the order of 10% of the ½CU2 discharged, the minimum net spark energies required for ignition with a large series resistance were only a few per cent of the net energies required without such a resistance.Line et al. observed that the essential effect of increasing the series resistance, and hence increasing the discharge time of the sparks, was to reduce the disturbance of the dust cloud by the blast wave from the spark. This phenomenon was explored further by Eckhoff (1970, 2017), and subsequently by some simple experiments by Eckhoff and Enstad (1976). Franke (1974, 1977) and Laar (1980) confirmed the additional finding of Line et al. (1959) that the minimum ½CU2 for ignition is also substantially reduced by including a series inductance in the discharge circuit, rather than a series resistance. The basic reason is the same as with a large series resistance, viz. increased spark discharge time and hence decreased disturbance of the dust cloud by blast wave from the spark. For this reason inclusion of an appreciable series inductance in the spark discharge circuit is an essential element in current standard MIE test methods.In experiments with spark ignition of transient dust clouds produced by a blast of air in a closed vessel, it is necessary to synchronize the occurrence of the spark with the formation of the dust cloud. The precision required from this type of synchronization is typically of the order of 10 ms, which can be obtained even by mechanical arrangements, such as rapid change of spark gap length, or of the distance between two capacitor plates. The present paper reviews some methods that have been/are being used for achieving adequate synchronization of dust cloud appearance and spark discharge. Some current standard experimental methods for determining MIEs of dust clouds experimentally have also been reviewed. The same applies to some theories of electric-spark ignition of dust clouds.At the end of paper some suggestions for possible future modifications of current standard methods for measuring MIEs of explosible dust clouds are presented. With regard to justifying significant modifications of existing standard methods, the “bottom line” is, as quite often in many connections, that any modifications should be based on realistic cost/benefit evaluations. 相似文献
126.
Bisphenol A is one of the basic compounds used in a synthesis of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Its dust can create an explosive mixture with air under specific circumstances. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine explosion characteristics and flammability behaviour of this compound. The complete flammability characteristic requires the determination of the basic parameters of Bisphenol A under fire conditions including Heat Release Rate, speed of combustion, ability to ignite and the temperature of the decomposition range. To establish those parameters, a cone calorimeter was used. The explosion characteristics were tested in a 20-L spherical vessel. Minimum Ignition Energy was tested on MINOR II Apparatus which is a modified Hartman's Tube. In order to identify hazardous substances generated during a fire involving Bisphenol A, a simultaneous thermal analysis that combines thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry was used. The substances obtained from the thermal degradation were analyzed by infrared spectroscope with Fourier transformation. Furthermore, the application of a Purser furnace and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of gaseous substances formed during the thermal degradation of Bisphenol A samples. 相似文献
127.
128.
Y.F. Khalil 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1027-1038
This paper aims to develop quantitative insights based on measured deflagration parameters of hybrid mixtures of activated carbon (AC) dust and hydrogen (H2) gas in air. The generated experimental evidence is used to reject the claim of the null hypothesis (H0) that severity of deflagrations of H2/air mixtures always bound the severity of deflagrations of heterogenous combustible mixtures of AC dust/H2/air containing the same H2 concentrations as in the H2/air binaries. The core insights of this investigation show that the maximum deflagration pressure rise (ΔPMAX) and maximum rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt)MAX) of this hybrid mixture are greater than those corresponding to deflagrations of H2/air mixtures for all the dust and H2 concentrations being examined. The deflagration severity indices (KSt and ES) of the hybrid mixture containing 29 mol% H2 are found to be greater than those of the H2/air mixture containing 29 mol% H2. Also, the minimum explosible concentration (MEC) of the hybrid mixture is lower than that of the AC dust in air only. The insights gained should lead to better realization of the severity of a postulated safety-significant accident scenario associated with on-board cryoadsorption H2 storage systems for fuel-cell (FC) powered light-duty vehicles. The identified insights could also be relevant to other industrial processes where combustible dusts are generated in the vicinity of solvent vapors. Moreover, these insights should be useful for supporting quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of on-board H2 storage systems, designing improved safety measures for cryoadsorption H2 storage tanks, and guiding H2 safety standards and transportation regulations. 相似文献
129.
T. Matsuda M. Yashima M. Nifuku H. Enomoto 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2001,14(6):449-453
The dust explosion committee of the Association of Powder Process Industry and Engineering, Japan recently established two testing standards for dust explosions. In the investigations for the standardization, many experimental data have been obtained for the dusts currently used in Japanese industries. Data for zirconium, tantalum and silicone dusts are presented to discuss the use of test methods, which have been accepted internationally. The test methods for dust explosions have to consider a variety of kinds and forms of dusts to be tested. 相似文献
130.
Temperature profile across the combustion zone propagating through an iron particle cloud 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jin-hua Sun Ritsu Dobashi Toshisuke Hirano 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2001,14(6):463-467
Knowledge of the mechanism of combustion zone propagation during dust explosion is of great importance to prevent damage caused by accidental dust explosions. In this study, the temperature profile across the combustion zone propagating through an iron particle cloud is measured experimentally by a thermocouple to elucidate the propagation mechanism. The measured temperature starts to increase slowly at a position about 5 mm ahead of the leading edge of the combustion zone, increases quickly at a position about 3 mm ahead of the leading edge, reaches a maximum value near the end of the combustion zone, and then decreases. As the iron particle concentration increases, the maximum temperature increases at lower concentration, takes a maximum value, and then decreases at higher concentration. The relation between the propagation velocity of the combustion zone and the maximum temperature is also examined. It is found that the propagation velocity has a linear relationship with the maximum temperature. This result suggests that the conductive heat transfer is dominant in the propagation process of the combustion zone through an iron particle cloud. 相似文献