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911.
Selecting agri-environmental indicators to facilitate monitoring and assessment of EU agri-environmental measures effectiveness 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Zalidis GC Tsiafouli MA Takavakoglou V Bilas G Misopolinos N 《Journal of environmental management》2004,70(4):315-321
Since its introduction in the early 1960s, the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has demonstrated a capacity to adapt and change in the face of new challenges. The reformed CAP, under AGENDA 2000, encourages more environmentally friendly farming practices. In the context of their rural development plans, Member States are required to link policies on agriculture with protection of the environment and to ensure that farmers meet environmental standards. Additionally, Member States should maintain and restore the quality of both their aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems according to the Directive 2000/60/EU, 'Establishing a framework for Community Action in the field of Water Policy'. Within this framework, agri-environmental indicators play an important role in planning and implementing CAP guidelines. However, selection and use of the proper indicators remains unresolved, considering that ecosystem processes are complex and interactions in most cases not obvious. This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the environmental state and impacts of current land use and management when implementing agri-environmental measures of CAP. The proposed methodology includes a modified Driving forces-Pressures-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework, identification of Zones of Specific Functional Interest (ZSFI), and criteria for selecting agri-environmental indicators, which assess the functional performance of each zone and meet existing legislation. The Mygdonia Watershed (Greece) is an example where through use of both the appropriate Minimum Data Set of agri-environmental indicators at the identified zones and the proposed modified DPSIR, the functioning performance of each ZSFI can be assessed to evaluate the applied agri-environmental measures. 相似文献
912.
We evaluated ecological monitoring data and landowner perceptions to the federally funded Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) in a three-county region in Wisconsin. We surveyed landowner satisfaction, involvement, participation, and use of the WRP restoration sites. We found that landowners are satisfied with the overall program (mean, 3.6 ± 0.2 [SE], on a scale of 1–5, with 5 being completely satisfied). WRP restorations significantly increased the area of wetland within the sites surveyed, the increase was primarily of fresh meadow (736.32 ha after restoration). Satisfaction is related to landowner participation during restoration and to the economic incentives provided by the WRP, Landowner satisfaction and the number of plant communities after restoration are unrelated to each other or to restoration and easement costs per hectare. Survey participants recommended some changes to the WRP, including a reduction in the tax rate of land enrolled in the WRP, approval for permanent deer stands, and increased communication with WRP officials during the restoration. Monitoring information collected for WRP restoration sites does not allow assessment of whether WRP sites are functionally equivalent to natural sites. We suggest that the WRP require a more rigorous monitoring program, including guidelines for invasive species control. Managers should also encourage collaborations with external researchers and consider restorations within an experimental framework. 相似文献
913.
Biobased Epoxy/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Thermophysical Properties and Fracture Behavior Evaluation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroaki?Miyagawa Manjusri?Misra Lawrence?T.?Drzal Amar?K.?MohantyEmail author 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(2):87-96
The biobased epoxy containing epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and its clay nanocomposites were processed with an anhydride curing agent. The certain amount of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) was replaced by ELO. The selection of the DGEBF, ELO, an anhydride curing agent, and organo-montmorillonite clay resulted in an excellent combination, to provide new biobased epoxy/clay nanocomposites showing high elastic modulus, high glass transition temperature, and high fracture toughness with larger amount of ELO. Izod impact strength was almost constant while changing the amount of ELO. This is a promising result for future applications in different engineering industries. 相似文献
914.
915.
Addressing the need for reference sites that permit wetland managers to evaluate the relative success of wetland restoration
efforts, this project examines the early successional properties of a chronosequence of 17 forested wetlands that have been
clear-cut and allowed to naturally revegetate. Ordinations performed on the data using CANOCO software indicated three general
types of communities—one dominated by bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), one dominated by black willow (Salix nigra), and one with a species composition similar to that of a mature stand of bottomland hardwoods. These divisions were correlated
with the percentage of stems originating as coppice on stumps leftover from the clear-cut. In particular, the bottomland hardwood
stands were regenerating predominantly as coppice, while the cypress/tupelo and black willow stands were regenerating primarily
as seedlings. As indicated by the earlier development of overstory basal area, coppice sites were also regenerating much faster.
The hydrology of a site also exhibited a strong impact on the rate of regeneration, with the semipermanently to permanently
flooded portions of sites often exhibiting little or no regeneration. The results indicate that, because of the overwhelming
reliance on coppice sprouts as the main source of stems and the concomitant enhanced rates of regeneration, certain vegetative
parameters of clear-cut bottomland hardwood stands would not be effective benchmarks by which to judge the relative success
of creation and restoration efforts. 相似文献
916.
工业危险源仿真预警技术 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
《中国安全科学学报》1995,(Z2)
概述了应用数字仿真技术于液化天然气风险评价、蒸汽云爆炸后果预测以及液氨储罐泄漏监控预警系统等的国内外研究与发展现状,给出了计算机仿真结果和现场实测数据之间的对比曲线。 相似文献
917.
Nadja Müller T.S. Ramakrishnan Austin Boyd Shinichi Sakruai 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(4):456-472
Elevated levels of CO2 in the atmosphere have been linked to the rise in land and sea temperature [Climate Change, 2001. In: Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Xiaosu, D. (Eds.), The Scientific Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, UK, p. 944]. To demonstrate geological carbon sequestration as a mitigation technique, a carbon dioxide injection experiment was conducted in East Texas. The target – Frio formation – is a highly porous, permeable and unconsolidated sandstone. The specific interval is the Frio C sand, which originally was saturated with saline formation water. At the injection location, the Frio C sand dips 18° to the south. To monitor the injected CO2 spreading in the formation, an old well from 1956 drilled into the deeper Yegua formation was selected as the observation well. The injection well was drilled at a distance of 100 ft downdip from the monitoring well. Several borehole measurement methods were available to monitor the CO2 injection, but the most suitable technology was thought to be the pulsed neutron logging. This logging is used widely in cased hole, and the measured macroscopic thermal absorption cross-section (Σ) is sensitive to CO2 saturation in high porosity saline water environments. Several log examples are given demonstrating successful the monitoring of the CO2 plume moving through the two boreholes and the resulting saturation changes. 相似文献
918.
/ Land condition trend analysis (LCTA) is a long-term monitoring program used on military training lands to identify ecological changes that result from training and management activities. We initiated LCTA at the Kansas Army National Guard Training Facility (KANGTF) in Saline County, Kansas, in March 1998. This paper evaluates the LCTA methodology for birds by comparing LCTA results with a modified methodology designed to place sampling transects in field-identified rather than satellite-identified land-cover types. In the satellite-identified land-cover types developed at the site, grassland habitats included a large component of woody vegetation, which resulted in poor resolution of bird assemblages associated with the different land-cover types. Using these cover classes, mixed grass prairie included five grass/forb (g/f) and 10 woody-dependent species; old-field included four g/f and four woody-dependent species; and riparian included one g/f and six woody-dependent species. LCTA sampling was too limited in the ecologically important riparian woodland habitat with the result that bird species were not adequately sampled there. In the alternate sampling strategy, we identified three land-cover classes (grassland, hedgerow, and riparian woodland) by field reconnaissance and increased sampling in the riparian woodland. Grassland included six g/f and three woody-dependent species; hedgerow included six g/f and 20 woody-dependent species, and riparian included two g/f and 19 woody-dependent species. The modifications greatly improved the resolution of bird assemblages associated with land-cover classes at the KANGTF. Use of the alternative sampling method should improve the ability to detect long-term trends in the bird communities. 相似文献
919.
Importance of insects in environmental impact assessment 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Insects are particularly suited for use in environmental impact assessment (e.i.a.) because of their high species diversity, ubiquitous occurrence, and importance in the functioning of natural ecosystems. Examples are given of the use of insects in the predictive phase of e.i.a., in the monitoring and assessment phase, and in the much rarer instance of an e.i.a. that includes both of these phases. The importance of working at the species level to understanding the results of e.i.a. is emphasized. 相似文献
920.
Burchard H. Heede 《Environmental management》1985,9(5):427-432
Fallen trees and their large debris often form log steps in small mountain streams, where they are incorporated into the hydraulic geometry. The hypothesis here was that these log steps take the place of gravel bars that otherwise would have been required for channel slope adjustment. In this experiment, the treated as well as the control stream were located in virgin mixed conifer forests and until the study began, no human activity had interfered with the natural developments. All log steps were removed from a stream and the formation of new log steps was prohibited by periodic removal of fallen trees and branches. Five years later, 74% of all removed log steps had been replaced by gravel bars, thus proving the hypothesis that increased bedload movement was required to offset the loss of log steps. Implications are that streamside forests should be managed so that they can provide a steady supply of debris for channel stability. 相似文献