崇明岛风景旅游区空气负离子监测评价方案研究

崇明岛作为上海市的未来生态岛屿,至今尚未开展过系统的空气负离子研究。依据该县相关规划,结合区域植被、地貌、人为影响等因素,在东滩国家级自然保护区、东平国家森林公园、前卫村、明珠湖和西沙湿地5个监测区域共选定了18个空气质量监测点进行研究。按崇明风景旅游区的具体情况,对国内外7种空气负离子监测评价方法进行了比较,最终确定选用安培空气质量评价系数、森林空气离子评价系数、空气负离子系数评价法、轻重离子比评价法来对该岛的空气质量进行评价。最后还对相关负离子监测仪器进行了分析及建议。     

价值工程在环境监测仪器设备建设中的应用

在环境监测仪器设备建设中应用价值工程原理和方法,对仪器设备配置方案进行评估.结果表明,价值工程有利于合理地配置各类仪器设备,选择与其功能相适应的成本价位,充分发挥仪器设备建设资金的使用效益,提高环境监测总体能力.     

环境质量监测常规数据管理措施的探讨

环境质量常规监测数据是指在人类活动中产生的与环境相关的原始性、基础性数据,以及按照不同需求系统加工整理的各类数据集。只有加强环境质量常规监测数据（资料）使用的规范化,才能发挥环境质量常规监测数据在各项环境建设、经济和社会发展中的作用,更好地为环境保护事业服务。     

Material flow analysis of paper in Korea. Part I. Data calculation model from the flow relationships between paper products

The flows of paper are analyzed throughout the papermaking processes, with the year 2007 and Korea defined as the system boundaries. In practice, the statistical data on the production, import and export of paper or pulp can be collected with relative ease from the government and industrial associations. However, the input data regarding the volumes of pulp and wastepaper used in different paper products, such as newsprint, printing papers, sanitary and household papers, specialty papers, and corrugating board base, are difficult to obtain because such information is generally kept confidential in the course of corporate operations.The production processes of paper products in Korea are modeled using information on raw materials, their compositions and production yields of products in order to identify and quantify the amounts of pulp and wastepaper used in each paper product. The material flows of paper are then analyzed based on the calculation model derived from the correlation of input and output flows between the individual processes throughout the entire paper lifecycle. Accuracy analysis using both mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) is conducted to verify the amounts of pulp and wastepaper calculated from the proposed model against the volumes of domestically consumed pulp and wastepaper provided in the national statistics. Although the calculated values for the past (i.e., the 1980s and 1990s) differ to some degree from the statistical values, the data for the 2000s have a relatively higher level of accuracy, with the MAPE of the total pulp and recycling volume at 5.39% and 5.30%, respectively, thus validating the adequacy of the proposed modeling method. The proposed calculation model can be effectively used in the material flow analysis (MFA) of paper to reduce the burden of data collection and obtain relatively accurate results.     

Dependability assessment of network-based safety-related system

Advances in electronic integration and radio communication have led to the emergence of a new kind of safety systems, i.e. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This network-based safety-related system is becoming more and more present in the domain of safety due to its easy deployment. It does not need a wire infrastructure and its range of applications is wide. Usually, such a system is composed of various nodes (sensors) collaborating to monitor a targeted phenomenon. In most cases, nodes are battery powered and this is the weakness of the system makes it necessary to design an energy saving policy. The present paper gives a dependability viewpoint of such a system. A modeling framework is suggested integrating the interdependency of the components. Stochastic Petri nets are used to implement this model and two heuristics to schedule component activity. The first is based on the proposed importance measures, the second on a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The aim is to conserve energy and so to extend WSN dependability.     

工业企业水污染物排放总量计算方法比较研究

通过对3家企业开展现场监测与调查,深入研究了利用手工监测数据计算工业企业水污染物排放总量的方法,并和自动监测数据法、排污系数法进行了比较研究,指出了3种方法的影响因素和适用范围,为合理计算企业污染物排放总量提供了思路.     

监测数据法在工业污染核算中的若干问题探讨

简述了监测数据法应用于污染核算的工作流程.指出了监测数据法使用中监测数据本身、环境统计中以及动态更新中监测数据使用存在的主要问题,提出了应加强监测管理、钻研监测技术,提升监测数据质量,为污染核算奠定基础;修订、完善监测数据法的相关技术规定并督促严格执行;正确处理监测数据,从技术层面改进污染核算质量;加强监测数据法核算的...     

珠江三角洲光化学活跃期甲醛及其前体物的源解析研究

选取珠江三角洲大气超级站的三个代表性超级站点（东莞东城城市超级站、深圳莲花山城市超级站和鹤山花果山区域超级站）,同步在线监测和分析了2021年5~10月大气光化学活跃期甲醛（HCHO）及其前体物挥发性有机物（VOCs）组分的时空变化特征,利用多元线性回归法对HCHO来源进行解析,识别出了关键VOCs前体物及其贡献,并对比了三个点位来源及前体物的差异.结果表明：三个站点的HCHO体积浓度存在明显差异,鹤山区域站浓度最高达5.82×10^-9,与历史研究数据相比浓度升高,而城市超级站东城与莲花山浓度水平降低.臭氧浓度与甲醛浓度存在一定相关性,各站点臭氧浓度最高的9月,HCHO的平均浓度水平也高;臭氧超标日的HCHO浓度显著高于臭氧非超标日.利用多元线性回归法,选择甲苯、异戊二烯和O₃作为源示踪剂,结果表明二次源对HCHO来源贡献占比最多,范围为43.5%~54.9%,其中区域站点二次源占比高于其它两个城市站点.基于生成产率法得到各站点二次转化生成HCHO的前体物主要为烯烃,其中贡献最大的是异戊二烯,其次为乙烯和丙烯.综合对比,HCHO的一次人为源的下降导致城市站点HCHO浓度降低,较高的二次转化导致了区域站点HCHO浓度升高,需重点关注甲醛的人为源直接排放和异戊二烯、苯乙烯、乙烯等前体物.     

我国雾霾成因及防控策略研究

针对近年来我国雾霾频发的现象,通过对我国雾霾现状、污染物来源分析,阐明雾霾成因及危害,并从监测、评价、控制等角度阐述我国雾霾防控策略。