基于空间信息技术的矿区生态环境监测分析系统研究

基于遥感（ＲＳ）、地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）、全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）、辅以常规环境监测与分析手段建立矿区生态环境监测分析系统是矿区环境保护与治理及区域可持续发展的必然要求。对基于“３Ｓ”技术矿区生态环境监测分析系统的可行性和优越性进行了分析，并对系统的构成，建立系统的关键技术及其基本的应用进行了探讨。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的工作程序和问题思考

简要介绍了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的工作程序,并结合工作实际,对验收监测中遇到的几个问题进行阐述,以利于建设项目竣工验收。     

基于遥感的海洋溢油监测方法

石油及其产品大量进入海洋将对生态和经济产生严重危害。现代遥感技术可实时获取溢油相关信息,在溢油应急响应中扮演着重要的角色。文章以遥感平台及手段为切入点,介绍和分析遥感溢油监测现状,在遥感溢油监测向着多平台、多传感器、多源数据综合观测的方向发展的前提下,除依靠传统遥感(可见光/近红外,微波)外,需加强紫外遥感溢油监测研究,并注重高光谱和偏振溢油遥感。     

岩体边坡工程中的位移监测及分析

边坡工程的监测取决于监测人员对岩(土)体介质的了解程度和掌握程度,并选择相应的方法和手段。本文通过对江西德兴铜矿大山村选矿厂东部边坡和北部楔形地质结构体稳定状况的监测,阐述了在边坡工程中位移监测的应用及有关分析。     

3S技术与建立重庆市渝中区环境信息系统的思考

简介3S技术及3S技术在环境信息系统中的应用现状。以重庆市渝中区“八五”、“九五”期间环境空气质量监测信息的获取方式为切入点，探讨建立渝中区环境信息系统的必要性和可行性。提出基于3S技术的渝中区环境信息系统的基本构架和功能。     

Gaseous mercury fluxes from the forest floor of the Adirondacks

The flux of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg⁰) from the forest floor of the Adirondack Mountains in New York (USA) was measured numerous times throughout 2005 and 2006 using a polycarbonate dynamic flux chamber (DFC). The Hg flux ranged between −2.5 and 27.2 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ and was positively correlated with temperature and solar radiation. The measured Hg emission flux was highest in spring, and summer, and lowest in winter. During leaf-off periods, the Hg emission flux was highly dependent on solar radiation and less dependent on temperature. During leaf-on periods, the Hg emission flux was fairly constant because the forest canopy was shading the forest floor. Two empirical models were developed to estimate yearly Hg⁰ emissions, one for the leaf-off period and one for the leaf-on period. Using the U.S. EPA's CASTNET meteorological data, the cumulative estimated emission flux was approx. 7.0 μg Hg⁰ m⁻² year⁻¹.     

Release flux of mercury from different environmental surfaces in Chongqing, China

An investigation was conducted to estimate mercury emission to the atmosphere from different environmental surfaces and to assess its contribution to the local mercury budget in Chongqing, China. Mercury flux was measured using dynamic flux chamber (DFC) at six soil sites of three different areas (mercury polluted area, farmland and woodland) and four water surfaces from August 2003 to April 2004. The mercury emission fluxes were 3.5 ± 1.2–8.4 ± 2.5 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for three shaded forest sites, 85.8 ± 32.4 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for farming field, 12.3 ± 9.8–733.8 ± 255 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for grassland sites, and 5.9 ± 12.6–618.6 ± 339 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for water surfaces. Mercury exchange fluxes were generally higher from air/water surfaces than from air/soil surfaces. The mercury negative fluxes were found in tow soil sites at overcast days (mean = −6.4 ± 1.5 ng m⁻² h⁻¹). The diurnal and seasonal variations of mercury flux were observed in all sites. The mercury emission responded positively to the solar radiation, but negatively to the relative humidity. The mercury flux from air/soil surfaces was significantly correlated with soil temperature, which was well described by an Arrhenius-type expression with activation energy of 31.1 kcal mol⁻¹. The annual mercury emission to the atmosphere from land surface is about 1.787 t of mercury in Chongqing.     

流域水环境监测质量管理系统设计与实现

目前的水环境监测工作需要建立统一的水环境监测质量管理系统,这对于各级、各地水环境监测质量控制信息的规范化录入和分级汇总统计、信息共享具有重要的意义.在分析目前水环境监测质量管理存在问题的基础上,基于网络服务、地理信息等技术,设计实现了水环境监测质量管理系统.利用该系统,各级、各地水环境监测质量管理部门能够进行监测机构、持证人员、监测项目、仪器设备等信息的录入和定期维护,同时共享监测方法、政策法规、标准规范、标准物质等信息.同时上级管理部门能够查看、统计所辖部门的水环境监测质量控制信息,从而为流域水环境突发事件应急资源调配、辅助决策等提供信息支撑.     

环境监测数据审核体系的回顾与展望

回顾了中国环境监测数据审核体系发展历程,指出了当前环境监测数据审核在国家、运作和研究层面上存在的问题。提出,在国家层面上,应建立健全环境监测数据QA/QC法律体系;在运作层面上,环境监测机构应建立健全环境监测数据审核管理机制;在研究层面上,应开展监测数据合理性、相关性审核研究。     

山东省生态环境监测网络建设发展建议

介绍了山东省生态环境监测网络建设状况,“十三五”期间全省基本实现大气、水、土壤、噪声、生态、污染源等全覆盖,“十四五”初期优化调整了地表水、地下水、海洋、土壤等环境质量监测点位,加大了自动监测力度。通过分析当前全省监测网络建设中存在的覆盖不全面、技术不完善、服务不深入等问题,提出了环境质量监测、生态质量监测、污染源监测、应急监测等各要素的发展建议。