基于EEMs与UV-vis分析苏州汛期景观河道中DOM光谱特性与来源

为探究汛期连续强降雨对苏州景观河道中溶解性有机物的影响,应用三维荧光光谱（EEMs）结合平行因子分析（PARAFAC）和紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-vis）技术,分析了汛期不同时期苏州景观河道中溶解性有机物的光谱特性和来源.结果表明,整个汛期时期水体中共有4种溶解性有机物（DOM）荧光组分,包括2种类腐殖质组分（C1和C4）和2种类蛋白质组分（C2和C3）,相关性分析表明荧光组分C2、C3和C4之间存在显著相关性.汛期初期时受初期雨水影响,河道中DOM的总荧光强度较强,而在汛期中期和后期,DOM的荧光强度显著降低.荧光特征参数表明,在汛期初期时DOM的内源性特征显著,到中期时陆源性显著,到后期又以内源占主导.整个汛期SUVA₂₅₄、SUVA₂₆₀和E2/E3都呈现相同趋势,先降低而后升高.受汛期连续强降雨的影响,河道中氮磷营养盐含量增加,但在汛期较强的水动力条件下,藻类并未大量增殖,直到汛期结束后藻类开始大量增殖.荧光组分C2、C3和C4与特征参数（FI、HIX、BIX和β：α）有显著相关性（P<0.01）,所有荧光组分与DOC均有显著相关性（P<0.05）,荧光组分C1与叶绿素a （Chla）有显著相关性.主成分（PCA）分析表明汛期不同时期河道中DOM组分差异显著,汛期连续强降雨对水体中C2、C3和C4组分含量影响显著.     

草鱼池塘水体细菌群落对蓝藻源DOM的降解及其碳代谢特征变化

以水华发生草鱼养殖池塘为背景,利用紫外-可见光谱和BIOLOG-ECO技术探讨了水体细菌群落对蓝藻源溶解性有机质(Algae-derived Dissolved Organic Matter,A-DOM)的降解,并分析了降解过程中细菌群落的碳代谢特征变化.结果 显示,在细菌群落不同培养时期(0、12、36、60 h,分...     

春灌背景下黄河上游清水河流域DOM的空间分布规律

运用三维荧光光谱技术结合紫外-可见吸收光谱表征技术,以及各种分析统计方法,对清水河流域水体中溶解性有机质（DOM）的空间分布、光谱特征及污染来源进行了解析,以期为黄河流域水环境治理及污染溯源提供较为可靠的信息.结果表明清水河流域春灌季水质指标空间差异性较大.DOM中类蛋白质物质浓度高于类腐殖质物质浓度,自生源特征强于陆源特征,且新生成的DOM占比较大,即DOM主要来源于水体微生物活动和细菌降解代谢的产物.PARAFAC解析得到6个主成分,包括4个类蛋白质组分（C1、C2、C3、C5）和2个类腐殖质组分（C4、C6）,其中类蛋白质组分的空间差异性大于类腐殖质组分,受水库水和污水处理厂排水等水体内源影响较大.PCA分析得到4个主成分,组分C5、氟离子、组分C2和HIX可分别作为该4个主成分的描述性指标.     

军用飞机结构局部环境谱编制的工程方法

简要阐述了飞机结构的腐蚀特点,给出飞机结构局部环境谱的定义。在某典型机场地面停放环境谱的基础上,综合考虑关键部位的结构形式、密封性等因素,以某型飞机机翼Ⅳ梁接头为例,对飞机结构局部环境谱编制的工程方法进行了探索。     

依托特定地域气象资料编制环境谱的尝试

通过一系列老化腐蚀试验确定环境因素中对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能影响显著的因素,并在此基础上,根据特定地域气象资料,对诸环境因素中对复合材料腐蚀行为影响较为显著的因子进行筛选、分析,依据一定的编谱原则,编制该地域的环境谱。     

季戊四醇酯的生物降解评估研究

根据用评估润滑油生物降解性的CEC测试方法，对新型冷冻机的润滑油基础油季戊四醇酯的生物降解性以及添加剂对其的影响进行评估，并结合红外光谱讨论季戊四醇酯的生物降解规律。     

西昆仑地区土地资源

喀喇昆仑山和昆仑山地区,山势巍峨,交通边远不便,过去对其拥有的土地资源缺乏详尽地考察和系统地了解。现根据1987年的考察资料,对西昆仑地区土地资源的社会经济地位、垂直分异规律及其主要类别予以初步总结。     

Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 kDa were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than 300 kDa increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment (5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment (20.7%) under the same conditions applied.     

基于高分辨率MARGA数据分析石家庄PM2.5成分谱特征

利用MARGA离子在线分析仪ADI 2080于2014年8月21日~9月23日在石家庄市气象局楼顶开展了PM2.5组分连续观测试验,结合气象、环境监测资料对其进行了相关分析,结果表明:8种气溶胶水溶性离子质量浓度总和与石家庄市PM2.5浓度保持高度一致,二次离子SO42-、NH4+、NO3-占水溶性离子总和的88.4%,是石家庄PM2.5的主要组分,SO42-质量浓度在水溶性离子中所占比例最大,随气温的升高而增加,随湿度的增大有所下降,NO3-则相反,随湿度的增大所占比例增加明显;能见度随水溶性离子质量浓度增加呈幂函数快速下降,二次离子SO42-、NH4+、NO3-质量浓度与盛行风向和工业区布局、太行山地形有关,浓度最大的风向为东北风,最小的为偏西风;SO42-、NO3-的气态前体物SO2、NO2气相、液相转化率SOR、NOR均随着湿度增大而增大,SOR与湿度关系更密切,NOR受辐射影响日变化呈单峰型;Ca2+做为建筑材料的标识元素,干燥的晴天及偏西风影响下质量浓度较大,在该种天气型下需注意控尘.     

Trace metal concentrations in hairs of three bat species from an urbanized area in Germany

Metal-contaminated soils and sediments are widespread in urbanized areas due to atmospheric deposition close to emission sources. These metals are bio-available for organisms, e.g., insects, and accumulate in food chains of insectivorous mammals. Especially bats, which live in urban regions and ingest large amounts of food relative to their body mass, are at risk of being poisoned due to the accumulation of trace metals. To determine species-specific trace metal contents in bats from urban environments, hair samples were analyzed by ICP-OES. Observed trace metal concentrations were related to species-specific foraging habitat, prey spectrum and degree of synanthropy. The species studied were Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Myotis daubentonii and Nyctalus noctula. P. pipistrellus showed the highest concentrations of lead and zinc and slightly higher concentrations of cadmium than the other two species, which was related to its high degree of synanthropy with foraging habitat mostly located in cities. In contrast, N. noctula displayed the highest contents of manganese and copper. The reason might be found in its prey spectrum, as N. noctula feeds mainly on beetles that are caught in cultured areas. Trace metal concentrations determined in hair samples of M. daubentonii ranged between the values of P. pipistrellus and N. noctula, probably reflecting an intermediate level of synanthropy. Positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of cadmium and lead and those of manganese and copper. Hair samples from bats are suitable monitoring tools to study trace metal exposure and can be used to determine differences in trace metal levels between species.